Global Warming Fact or Fiction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 670 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? Introductiion Occasionally, there is an ice age, like the last ice age we had or even the one before. Was there any release of carbon dioxide from humans? No. Ever since the industrial revolution, global temperatures have climbed, but how many people owned cars and how many manufacturing factories were there burning fossil fuels in the industrial revolution? Through natural processes, like biotic organisms respirating, volcanism, etc. greenhouse gasses are created. Gases like nitrates and carbon dioxide are naturally released. Through the geological time scale, global warming has always occurred. Humans are not the cause but just contribute to the problem. â€Å"Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. We know about past climates because of evidence left in tree rings, layers of ice in glaciers, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks† (National Research Council). Before people start blaming people as a whole, realize that humans have existed on the Earth for thousands of years without significantly impacting the environment until the past two centuries on the onset of mass industrialization and agriculture. So, do not say humans are a cancer that do not deserve the Earth, but the problem is how we are living the modern life. Human society is living with the highest standards in history, but the modern life comes with costs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Warming Fact or Fiction" essay for you Create order Consumerism with one use products such as wrappers and boxes for the products some people take granted for creates a lot of trash. The electricity we use for all our mechanical processes are mostly created by burning fossil fuels (Renewable Energy such as solar can only do so much). The Cars and computer that you use to live your modern life were created by factories that emit greenhouse gases and require the mining of resources that shift the surface. Here is the hard truth. Consumerism and the modern life is a great life, but that comes with clear costs. If you truly want to save the Earth, then understand that humans as a whole must sacrifice many of its wants and desires and basically live with less in order to leave a smaller environmental impact. Until people figure out a way to somehow collect and recycle all the waste created by constant buying, spending, and throwing away of our trash, this is the only realistic option if we want to protect the planet in the long run. Global Warming has been happening longer than we have been alive, it is just recently that the weather effects have become so acute that they are mentioned on the nightly news. Global Warming is superimposed over natural patterns, those patterns are still there but are overwhelmed by the greenhouse effect. Governments are acting against GW, even if they are not advertising it. CO2 sequestering and H2 alternative fuel are two of the largest international projects (still underfunded) in the US Dept of Energy. California is changing their building code to account for GW. One benefit of politics, maybe the only benefit, is that governments change. It might be too late to fix some things, it may not be too late to fix others. It will be too late if we all sit in a circle peeing on each other arguing whether or not we should get up off our butts and do more. Conclusion We have gone through several ice ages and eventually there will be another one, in many, many thousands of years. Since the end of the last glacial age, about 10,000 years ago, the earth has been in a warming stage. This is a natural cycle of the earth. Dont worry, nothing catastrophic is going to happen in your lifetime. There are things that people can do about pollution and to quit adding to greenhouse gases, but this will not stop global warming. It might slow it down, but very little. Nature will prevail, and the planet will continue to warm until this present cycle is over. Read any book on climatology and you will see this is correct.

Civil Liberties And Civil Rights - 960 Words

Critique Essay The balance between the duty of the government, both on a state and federal scale, and the citizens’ view of freedoms has been a continuous struggle throughout the readings. Although many members of America’s youth believe that their participation in politics is aimless, public opinion and voting are very important aspects of shaping the government. Without certain civil rights being granted by the government, these important rights of expression and suffrage would not exist. There is a difference between civil liberties and civil rights in relation to the government. Civil liberties refer to an individual’s unalienable freedoms that cannot be taken away by political intervention. On the other hand, civil rights are provided by the government in order to promote equality. This ideology was introduced to the founders of the nation by John Locke, who believed in natural rights. Locke stated that these natural rights are to be protected and secured by the government. The question that should be raised now is whether the government truly does protect our civil rights and have the citizens’ best interest in mind. As time progresses, the addition of civil rights to more citizens of the United States is achieved through the inclusion of amendments to the Constitution. Although people may disagree on the effectiveness of the Constitution on its relevance for the future, there is an issue with the allowance for more amendments. The progress of society is inevitableShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1081 Words   |  5 Pages1 McGahey 3 Megan McGahey Sherry Sharifian GOVT 2305 71430 20 September 2017 Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights In the U.S. most use the terms Civil Liberties and Civil Rights interchangeably; although they both protect the freedom of citizens they do this in different ways. 2 Civil Liberties are limitations placed on the government. These are things the government is restricted to do, by the constitution. Things that could interfere with personal freedom. 3 For example, the 1st amendment says thatRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1083 Words   |  5 Pages2017 1 Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights 2 Civil Liberties are basic rights and freedoms that we are guaranteed by the government. You can find them in the Bill of Rights and in the Constitution. Civil liberties are liberties that we as Americans feel safe to interpret on the daily basis. 3 Some civil liberties include, the right 4 for free speech, the right to privacy, the right to remain silent in a police interrogation, the right to be free from unreasonable searches of your home, the right to aRead MoreCivil Rights And Civil Liberties1025 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Sharifian Government 2305 September 28th, 2017. 1 Civil rights vs Civil liberties 1. 2 Define Civil Liberties; then define Civil Rights. How are they similar? How do they differ? Which civil sequence has more influence on your life as you know it to be now? Why do you believe this to be so? Civil rights and civil of liberties have regularly been the discussion of different locales throughout the years. In the achievement of social liberties and freedoms, laws and statutory arrangements have mustRead MoreCivil Liberties Vs Civil Rights1134 Words   |  5 Pages2017 SLO 1 Civil Liberties vs Civil Rights Democracy in simple sense is understood as rule of people. As said by Abraham Lincoln,† democracy is government of the people, by the people, for the people†. In democracy all the power is seized by the people but, still we find many cases in different parts of the world that the political leaders and government officials and their families having more rights and power as compared to regular people. The violation of civil liberty and civil rights by the governmentRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1149 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Role Does Our Civil Liberty and Rights Play In Our Government System? Have you ever put some thought into how our Civil Liberties and Civil Rights work in our system or even attempt to figure out what they are? Our government system comprises Civil Liberties and Rights that are similar in ways and different in others, but one of them can have the most influence on your life. 1 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights are rights that we have as Americans. Civil Liberties are basic rights and freedoms thatRead MoreCivil Rights And Civil Liberties1157 Words   |  5 PagesSharifian 01 Oct. 2017 Civil rights and civil liberties Every citizen of the country is bounded and benefited with the freedom of Civil rights and Civil liberty. Civil right is the right of the citizen to be equally and fairly treated by the government, written in the 14th Amendment. Civil right moment was mainly focused only on the slaved, African American people. Then civil liberties firstly, not only protected the rights of African American people, it also included the right of gay, lesbian and femaleRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1500 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment One: Civil Liberties v. Civil Rights Linsey (Lins) Morgan - Student ID: 3104067 GOVT - 2305 - 71063 Northlake College Had I been born a mere 60 years earlier, I would likely be in jail. Before discussing the U.S. Supreme Court decision which has preserved my freedom, I would like to examine the nature of civil rights and civil liberties. Next, we will look at some of the historical context which would have found me jailed. Lastly, we will conclude by looking at the impact of the U.S. SupremeRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1318 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in order to protect the rights of U.S. citizens. Moreover, these changes have occurred by much insistence and court cases from the people. Out of these changes, civil rights and civil liberties have erupted in order to protect the lives of citizens even more. Who we are as citizens of the United States can be characterized by the concept of civil rights and civil liberties, the idea that the constitution protects the major rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights, marginalized groups, the secondRead MoreCivil Liberties And The Civil Rights 902 Words   |  4 Pagescountry. This is where our civil sequences: Liberties and Rights, keep our country intact. 1 Both Civil Liberties and Rights are granted and defined in the Constitution. We must continue enforcing our civil sequences to maintain order for ourselves, our states, our government, and our nation. Civil Liberties focus on our basic freedoms as Americans and Civil Rights are concerned with rights regarding the treatment of an individual. 2 Definitely a Civil Liberty is ‘the basic right to be free from unequalRead MoreCivil Rights And Civil Liberties910 Words   |  4 PagesSept/30/2017 Civil rights v. Civil Liberties Civil rights and civil liberties are the rights and freedom both made for good of communities and country. Both are introduced to benefit citizen of the country. A Civil right is mainly about the fair treatment with every person which is protected by the fourteenth amendment. â€Å"It was first introduced after civil right movement which was mainly about the true equality among African American who were mainly treated as slaves.† (1, FindLaw). But now the civil right

Play Response Free Essays

It’s A Wonderful Life On Saturday November 19, 201 I went to Cookeville Children’s Theatre school performance to watch the show â€Å" It’s A Wonderful Life† and it was the last show for this play. This show also has been showed on November 11, 12, 13 15, 17, 18, 19. This play is has a good story. We will write a custom essay sample on Play Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now I went to watch the play with two of my friends and other classmates. We went there at 7:30 p. m. at first we could not find the Cookeville Children’s Theatre school performance because I have not been there before. With a little help from other friends we found the place. This play was $10 for adults $8 for seniors,students, and children. However, while we were waiting for the play to get started, a staff gets up and gives us a little guide about the play. The Play From childhood, George’s greatest ambition has been to see the world, to become an architect and design bridges and skyscrapers everywhere. However, George repeatedly has to sacrifice his dreams. He puts off going to college until Harry graduates from high school to take over the family business, the Bailey Building and Loan Association, essential to many of the disadvantaged in Bedford Falls. But on Harry’s graduation night, as George discusses his future with his date Mary Hatch who has had a crush on him since she was a little girl, although George either doesn’t realize it or believe it, and tries to remain emotionally detached his father suddenly has a stroke and dies. Mr. Potter , the owner of most of the town, seizes the opportunity to gain control of the Board of Directors and decides to end the â€Å"sentimental hogwash† of home loans for the working poor. George persuades the board members to stop Potter; they agree, but only on condition that George himself run the business. The Music and Choreography In the It’s a Wonderful Life play. The lines of the show are faithfully adapted from the original 1946 movie version and the songs are seamlessly woven in. The score is challenging musically- and these actors have the range to deliver. â€Å"The ballads shed light on the characters’ feelings behind the dialogue seen in the movie. And the range of emotion is not simply shown by the lyrics in the songs, but by the musicality of the score as a whole. The music for this show is not an afterthought to the famous plot line. It truly is beautiful and rich. Hearing young actors, some of them singing for the first time on stage, is a magical experience. Young voices being grown and blossoming right before your eyes- it represents art in every facet. Conclusion Overall, I really liked the play and the way the actors and the director existing this play. Honestly , when I first planed to go to the play I thought I would stay there for only 15 or 20 minutes at most, but after I watched the first scene I enjoyed it and thought I would watch only the next one then I will leave which I did not until the play was done. I had watch the whole play and did not even feel the play was uninterested . It was an enjoyable play. How to cite Play Response, Papers

SPG By Laws free essay sample

Sec. 1 This Constitution and By-Laws shall be known as the Constitution of the Supreme Pupil Government of Rabat-Rocamora Mati Central Special Education School. Sec. 2 For purposes of this Constitution and By-Laws, SPG refers to the Supreme Pupil Government of Rabat-Rocamora Mati Central Special Education School. Article II – Name and Domicile Sec. 1 The name of the organization shall be known as the Supreme Pupil Government. Sec. 2 The office of the SPG shall be located inside the premises of the school. Article III – Declaration of Principles and Objectives Sec. 1 The SPG of Rabat-Rocamora Mati Central Special Education School shall promote mutual understanding through social, civic, intellectual, recreational, and scientific programs and activities. Sec. 2 The SPG shall have the following objectives: a. Develop love of God and country, moral character, personal discipline, leadership and efficiency among its members. b. Train members for effective and efficient leadership. c. Help the students develop self-confidence. d. Promote unity among leaders and the student body. We will write a custom essay sample on SPG By Laws or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. Maintain school aspirations to promote quality education and academic excellence. f. Serve and protect students’ rights and welfare. g. Represent the studentry in the policy making body of the school concerning students’ welfare. Article IV – Membership Sec. 1 All bonafide students of the school are members of the studentry to whom the SPG shall be accountable at all times. Article V – Rights of Students Sec. 1 Every student has the right to enjoy responsible freedom of speech and expression. Sec. 2 Every student has the right to avail of all the services offered by the SPG. Sec. 3 Every student has the right to conduct and participate in all school activities. Sec. 4 Every student has the right to information on all the issues and matters concerning them. Sec. 5 Every student has the right to vote, to be nominated and be elected into office. Sec. 6 Every student has the right to be represented in the different meetings and assemblies of the school on issues affecting the welfare of the studentry. Sec. 7 Every student has the right to due process. Article VI – Duties and Obligations of Students Sec. 1 Every student has the responsibility to observe the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, and the rules and regulations of the School at all times. Sec. 2 Every student must pay on time all SPG fees as approved by the DepEd issuances or by the Parents-Teachers and Community Association in an appropriate resolution. Sec. 3 Every student must support and promote the thrusts and objectives of the SPG and the school. Sec. 4 Every student must abide by the SPG constitution and by-laws. Sec. 5 Every student must participate actively in all school activities and strive for academic excellence. Sec. 6 Every student must exercise his/her rights and to do his/her responsibilities as an SPG member. Article VII – Powers and Duties of the Supreme Pupil Government Sec. 1 The Supreme Pupil Government shall be the highest governing body of the entire studentry. Sec. 2 The SPG shall have the following functions and responsibilities: a. Formulate and recommend programs that will address relevant issues/concerns of the studentry. b. Plan, formulate and implement policies and programs designed to protect and promote students’ rights and welfare; c. Monitor and evaluate the students’ activities in the school and in the community. d. Create committees or organizations necessary to address the needs of the students; e. Make recommendations to school authorities regarding student matters, affairs and activities; f. Serve as the representative of the studentry in voicing their opinions, suggestions and grievances; g. Participate in the crafting/formulation of the School Improvement Plans (SIP’s); h. Act as Coordinating Council of all campus co-curricular organizations; i. Have such other powers and duties as the school authorities and the studentry may, from time to time, grant or delegate, consistent with stated principles, objectives and school policies; j. Spearhead anti-drug abuse, anti-smoking, Brigada Eskwela, Reading and Tutorial Services for Challenged Learners, and environmental programs in the school; k. Monitor and supervise the elections of Student Government Officers for the succeeding school year; and, l. Turn-over the financial assets, papers, documents, properties and other responsibilities to the incoming Student Government Officers. m. Submit financial and accomplishment reports to the school authorities on a monthly basis. Terminal reports must be submitted to the school authorities and the incoming SPG officers during the turn-over of responsibilities. Article VIII – Composition, Election and Term of Office of the SPG Sec. 1 The officers of the SPG are the duty elected Mayor, Vice-Mayor, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, Public Information Officer, Peace Officer and Grade Level Councilors. Sec. 2 The Grade Level Councilor/s shall be elected depending on the number of enrollees in the school pursuant to DepEd Order No. 45, s. 2007. Sec. 3 The Grade Level Representative who shall get the highest number of votes among the elected Grade Level Representatives in their respective year level shall serve as the Grade Level Chairperson of the grade level concerned. Sec. 4 All SPG elections shall be conducted school wide every third and/or fourth week of February annually. Sec. 5 Elections for the Grade Level Councilor/s shall be conducted every 1st week of July annually. Sec. 6 Campaign period shall not be more than five (5) school days prior to the SPG elections. Sec. 7 Candidates for all SPG elective positions must be: a. Bonafide Students; b. Of good academic standing with a general average of 85 and above without any failing grade during the 3rd grading period of the current school year; c. Of good moral character and have not been subject to any disciplinary sanction; d. Resident of the school for at least one (1) academic year prior to the filing of the Certificate of Candidacy; e. Considered resigned and ineligible from all elective or designated positions from clubs and organizations once elected. Sec. 8 The officers of the SPG shall hold office from one academic year. Article IX – Duties and Functions of Officers Sec. 1 The Mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the SPG. He/She shall have the following duties: a. Preside over all meetings and/or may designate another officer to preside for a specific meeting; b. Enforce this Constitution, By-Laws and other regulations that may be promulgated; c. Sign all official minutes, resolutions, correspondences, and other official papers of the SPG; d. Represent the SPG in the School Governing Council and any official external or internal affairs/functions; e. Head the Coordinating Council of the Campus Co-Curricular Organizations; f. Implement SPG programs and projects; g. Create Ad Hoc Committees or Organizations, as the need arises, the Chairperson of which shall be appointed by the SPG Mayor; and, h. Perform such other functions inherent and incidental to his/her office. Sec. 2 The Vice-Mayor shall have the following duties: a. Assist the Mayor in all matters where his/her assistance is necessary; b. Assume the Office of the Mayor should the position become vacant; c. Supervise members in planning and arranging meetings or programs of activities; d. Head the Internal Affairs Committee and conceptualize programs and projects and plan activities with the Grade Level Councilor/s; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 3 The Secretary shall have the following duties: a. Keep accurate records of the minutes and document proceedings of every meeting; b. Keep a file of all pertinent documents and papers of the SPG and make them accessible to the studentry; c. Call and prepare all notices of SPG meetings; d. Head of Student Government Secretariat; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 4 The Treasurer shall have the following duties: a. Keep financial records of the SPG; b. Serve as the disbursing officer of all the SPG’s funds; c. Prepare the annual budget of the SPG; d. Prepare financial reports every month, after an activity, and at the end of term; e. Formulate pertinent financial guidelines for the organization f. Head the Finance Committee; and, g. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 5 The Auditor shall have the following duties: a. Certify the legitimacy and correctness of the disbursement of funds; b. Audit all expenditures of the SPG funds; c. Assist the Treasurer in formulating guidelines and reports; d. Keep and update inventory of all the SPG’s property; e. Act as the assistant head of the Finance Committee; and, f. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 6 The Public Information Officer shall have the following duties: a. Popularize the thrusts and objectives of the SPG; b. Build and maintain a credible image of the SPG; c. Take charge in the promotion of SPG projects and activities; d. Head the Publicity Committee; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 7 The Peace Officer shall have the following duties: a. Help the presiding officer to maintain peace and order during meetings; b. Act as disciplinary officer, if needed; c. Maintain peace and order within the premises of the school; d. Act as chief peace officer and over all Sergeant-at-Arms of subordinate organization and classes; e. Chair the Students’ Welfare Committee and appoint its members; and, f. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 8 The Grade Level Councilor/s shall have the following duties: a. Represent his/her grade level in all of the meetings of the SPG; b. Serve as the grievance desk for their respective grade level; c. Conceptualize and implement programs and projects for their respective grade level; d. Assist in the effective implementation of the SPG’s programs and projects; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Article X – Committees and Organizations in the Supreme Pupil Government Sec. 1 The SPG shall have the power to create committees and organizations necessary to address the needs and welfare of the students. These committees and organizations shall help the SPG achieved and performed the objectives, duties and obligations of the SPG. Members of each committee in the SPG shall be appointed by the Mayor from among the officers of the homeroom organization upon the recommendation of the Chairperson of the committee. Members of each organization shall be open to all bona fide students. Sec. 2 Committees and organizations, permanent or ad hoc and in nature, may be created by the SPG as the need arises. Article XI – Homeroom Class Organizations Sec. 1 There shall be a homeroom class organization in every section composed of officers parallel to the organizational structure of the SPG. Sec. 2 The homeroom class organization shall be responsible in implementing programs and projects of each class. Sec. 3 The homeroom class organization shall assist the SPG in implementing its programs and projects. Sec. 4 The homeroom class organization shall be guided by the designated class adviser who must be part of the teaching staff of the school. Article XII – Coordinating Council of Campus Co-Curricular Organizations Sec. 1 The Coordinating Council shall be headed by the Mayor of the Supreme Pupil Government as the Chairperson. Sec. 2 The Coordinating Council shall be composed of the different Presidents, Heads or Leaders of all recognize legitimate campus co-curricular organizations. Sec. 3 The Coordinating Council shall have the following functions: a. Coordinate school-wide activities, which need the participation and involvement of the whole studentry. b. Provide a consultative mechanism and support for the implementation of the various programs and projects of all co-curricular organization. c. Plan programs and synchronize student activities in the campus. d. Serve as a venue to present accomplishment report, financial reports and such other reports of the SPG and other organization as are necessary or required. e. Serve as a venue for budget deliberations and appropriations from the School Organization Fee, provided fifty percent (50%) of which shall be for the SPG and the remaining fifty percent (50%) for all recognized school co-curricular organizations and activities. Sec. 4 The Coordinating Council shall meet once a month or upon notice of the Chairperson or upon the request of any of its members or as often as the council may deem necessary. Sec. 5 The School-Principal/Head shall serve as the Adviser of the Coordinating Council. As such, all resolutions and agreements arrived at by the Coordinating Council shall be the noted by the School-Principal. Article XIII – Supreme Pupil Government Adviser Sec. 1 The SPG Adviser shall preferably be the teacher in MAKABAYAN or any competent, able and willing teacher designated by the School-Principal. Sec. 2 The SPG Adviser shall monitor all programs, projects, activities and meetings of the SPG at all times. Sec. 3 The Advisorship in the SPG shall be equivalent to one teaching load (DepEd Order No. 43, s. 2002). Article XIV – The General Assembly Sec. 1 The General Assembly of the SPG shall be composed of all elected Homeroom Class Organization Mayor of the school. Sec. 2 The General Assembly shall be a forum for information and consultations, which decisions shall be significantly considered. Sec. 3 The General Assembly shall be convened by the Mayor once every two months starting in the month of July and as the need arises. Article XV – Meetings and Quorum Sec. 1 The SPG shall conduct regular meetings every first week of the month or as agreed upon by the officers of the SPG. Sec. 2 Special meetings of the SPG may be called upon by the Mayor or by a majority of the SPG officers. Sec. 3 Majority of the officers of the SPG (50% + 1) shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 4 Each officers of the SPG is entitled to only one vote. Sec. 5 No proxy shall be allowed when voting. Article XVI – Finance Sec. 1 The SPG’s funds shall be classified into Trust funds and Special funds. Trust funds shall consist of the School Organization Fee, the amount of which shall be recommended by the SPG in consultation and with the approval of the PTA but in no case shall it exceed the limit set by the Department of Education in all appropriate official issuance, and the Special funds are funds that come from the donations, sponsorship, fund raising project or any amount derived from legitimate sources. Sec. 2 The SPG shall enjoy the freedom to determine its priorities in the disbursement of its share in the Student Organization Fee. Sec. 3 The SSG may under take the fund raising activities to subsidize its project and activities. Sec. 4 The organization can accept cash donations from any member or any public or private person or institution, for as long as it will not affect the integrity of the SPG. Sec. 5 The SPG mayor and the treasurer shall be the signatory of all funs disbursement of the SPG. All fund disbursement must be accompanied with an SPG resolutions duly note by the SPG adviser and all expenses supported by official receipts. The School-Principal/Head shall be provided a copy of all resolution relative to the disbursement made. Sec. 6 The SPG, through the Treasurer and Auditor, shall promulgate financial guidelines for proper financial management. Sec. 7 Funds of the SPG shall be audited at the end of the term, or at the end of every activity. Sec. 8 Financial statements shall be posted in the SPG Bulletin Board every month and printed in every issue of the school paper. Article XVII – Impeachment, Resignation and Vacancies Sec. 1 The officers of the SPG may be impeached on the following grounds: a. Culpable violations of the Constitution and By-Laws; b. Gross misconduct, violence to person in authority, negligence, and disloyalty to the cause of the SPG and the school; c. Non-attendance in regular meeting for six (6) consecutive time; and, d. Abuse or misuse of power and authority. Sec. 2 Two-third (? ) vote of the General Assembly shall be necessary to decide after hearing a case of impeachment. Sec. 3 The decision of the General Assembly shall be final. However, the officer charged shall be informed twenty (20) days prior to his/her impeachment case proceedings, of the charge/charges and against him/her, to afford him/her the opportunity to heard with or without a counsel in his/her defense. Sec. 4 Resignation shall be in writing and subject to the approval of the SPG officers. Sec. 5 Any vacancy in any of the position for the reason of death, resignation, impeachment, shall be filled, subject to the recommendation of the SPG. Sec. 6 Any vacancy in the SPG, except the position of the Mayor, shall be filled within thirty (30) days from the day the position is rendered or considered vacant, by appointment of the Mayor from among the officers of the SPG. Immediately upon the appointment, the officer appointed shall serve the remaining period. Sec. 7 The SPG adviser shall certify the vacancy and fact of appointment of the officer to the vacant positio

Environmental factors affecting the marketing of Waterstones books

Waterstones is one of the largest bookstores in Britain. Like any other business, it is affected by environmental factors that influence its marketing operations. In order to understand these factors, we shall use PEST analysis based on the case study, Can you judge a book by its e-cover? Organizations do not have control over pest factors (political, economical, social, technological, and legal), but they can control internal micro environmental factors influencing their operations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Environmental factors affecting the marketing of Waterstones books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political factors affect organizations in several ways. Some political environments create opportunities while others can create obligations that affect organizations. According to Brassington and Pettitt, organizations must exist and operate according to the laws of the societies within which they cond uct business. They must also conform to general laws of the industry. The roles and influence of national government have direct impacts on marketing mix of organisation. Regulatory bodies also use their statutory powers to influence the laws that organizations must follow (Brassington and Pettitt, 2005). Political factors affecting the operations of Waterstones in the UK are mainly marketing regulations, trade agreements, and tax (VAT) issues. In this case, Waterstones must conform to copyright and patents protect laws. Copying eBook is a copyright infringement by pirates and other online eBook users. Copyright laws differ from country to country. There are some laws restricting the number of copies made and experienced. The UK has copyright terms that seek to be in line with other European countries by raising it from 50 years to 70 years, after the end of the year in which the author died. Such laws aim to protect booksellers from piracy. Consequently, booksellers like Waterstone s will ultimately benefit. Currently, the UK is recommending changes to Copyright, Designs and Patent Act in order to cope with future development in the book industry and curb illegal file sharing. According to the case study, the explosion of online file sharing has increased market demands for digital rights management (DRM). This is a watermark and a secure distribution system. It enables the publisher to trace books at any time in the future. This system scrambles and encodes books such that only the paying recipient can use them. However, such pre-determined business regulations control the number of copies made, and the number of copies that users can share.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The UK government has reviewed its tax system to march those of other EU nations. Currently, the government has exempted tax on physical books. However, eBooks sold have a standard rate of 20 per cent. According this case study, eBook retailers in the UK will no longer have the previous disadvantage in comparison to their EU counterparts following the EU decision to impose VAT on eBooks, games and music. This is both a case of tax and trade agreement influencing the operation of retailers like Waterstones. Such regulations create fair competitive environment against other online eBooks retailers in other EU nations and the US. Economic factors of both global and national level affect businesses. Economic factors may include interest rates, fiscal policy. The prevailing economic conditions influence how buyers, sellers, and other stakeholders in a given economy behave. Economists like McConnell, Brue and Barbiero argue that changes in the general economic environments affect business operations (McConnell, Brue and Barbiero, 2008). An economy experiencing recession will have a higher unemployment rate, reducing spending ability and diminishing stakeholdersâ₠¬â„¢ confidence. Conversely, a promising economy will have increasing stakeholders’ confidence, a higher spending power and low unemployment rates. Booker sellers like Waterstones have been experiencing effects of fluctuating economic factors. For instance, during 1980s, Waterstones did not suffer the recession of the time. Instead, it increased its sales and revenues to become one of the leading book retailers in the UK. Such resistance to recession made the industry pundit to conclude that the UK book industry was recession-proof. However, the tough current economic situations have seen some book retailers like Borders collapse in the 2009. The tough times have not spared Waterstones either. The giant book retailer has changed ownership on several occasions, and most recently to a Russian buyer, Alexander Mamut. The effects of economic downturn have forced the company to close 20 stores, and recorded operating losses of  £9.9m.Advertising We will write a custom repor t sample on Environmental factors affecting the marketing of Waterstones books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Waterstones responded to this crisis by replacing the managing director and changing it structure in January 2011. Economists note that successful organisations must respond to economic situations and stakeholders’ relations and behaviour. Organisations must review the impacts of recessions on its operations and competitions, and respond accordingly. Some economic crises have no boundaries. For instance, the economic crisis of 2007 originated from the US and fuelled the credit crunch in the UK. Further, there was euro crisis in the EU zone. These factors affected the buying patterns of Waterstones’ customers and other stakeholders. Social forces such as relations and media have affected most organisations. This is because such factors affect consumers’ emotions, attitudes, opinions and interests about pr oducts. Consequently, they influence what consumers buy and in what form. In the case study, the research of BML in 2007 shows that personal recommendations from families and friends influenced consumers’ decisions. At the same time, some consumers were likely to buy books on impulse while browsing the shelves. Factors such as text design, cover, feel and look of the book also influenced consumers’ buying behaviour. Brassington and Pettitt observe that social factors are of main concern to marketers. Therefore, marketers must try establish what drives consumers and organize their marketing campaign accordingly. For instance, consumers’ attitudes are changing towards physical books. As a result, Waterstones has realised there are increasing number of people reading eBooks. Therefore, the company decided to launch it websites where consumers could place their eBooks orders. Social changes have given rise to new group of consumers. The buying patterns of books at S ainsbury, Asda, and other supermarkets together with the research suggest that new groups of book consumers are emerging, socio-economic groups are now buying books regularly and increasing customer base beyond the traditional segments. In short, Waterstones realized the need to offer books in all forms the consumers need in order to complement and enhance the behaviour and busy lifestyle of consumers. Kotler et al note that both consumers and marketers wonder what the future will bring. Some predict that we will not be shopping in multi-aisle supermarkets by 2025.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The growth of e-commerce and rapid speed of the internet has lead to online ordering of low-priced and non-perishable products like music, books, and games among others. Online information sources have also enabled retailers to easily access information. Technological developments have changed the way book retailers operate (Kotler, Wong, Saunders and Armstrong, 2005). Following the success of Amazon and other eBook retailers, Waterstones ended its five-year deal with the Amazon in order to launch its own website (www.waterstones.com). The company noted the increasing sales from eBooks and dwindling sales from physical books. Advanced technological devices enable customers to purchase, download and share their eBooks. Through its website, Waterstones offers more than 3 million eBooks and recommendations. The company has adopted the use of online channels to conduct significant amount of transactions. Waterstones has also incorporated the use of cards and e-mails to enhance customer loyalty and track buying patterns of its customers. Technology has resulted into aggressive marketing, price wars, price cuts, discounts, immediate availability and constant formation of alliances with publishers. Technology has also enhanced social media platforms. Waterstones uses I Spy, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook to promote the launch of their latest books. Further, it has advanced stock management systems to ensure that every book has a unique range of profile and space at its front store in order to promote particular books at certain stores. Industry analysts conclude that the rate of technological advancement has created niche for all age groups. Therefore, marketers must study the consumer habits and expectations. Organizations must face these facts in order to survive competition (Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2009). Micro environmental factors are within the control of Waterstones. The company experienced difficulties when it tried to diversify its operations. For insta nce, Waterstones tried to increase its revenue by introducing ancillary products that affected its image as a bookstore. The company also experience difficulties and delays in distributing book orders. This results from its Hub where it controls all its distributions. Further to this, Waterstones had to rely on a competitor, Gardeners in order to make deliveries to customers. Waterstones entered into a digital deal with Sony in order to enhance its eBooks sales. The company sold over a million eBooks in the year 2010. However, industry experts dismissed the deal as poorly executed. This is because the company had limited choices of eBooks. Criteria and different segment methods Buyers in every marketing situation differ in one or more ways. Difference may be in terms of wants, resources, location, attitude, and buying practices. Marketers must understand these differences and apply market segmentation appropriately. Market segmentation has enabled companies to divide their large het erogeneous markets into smaller segments that they can reach efficiently with their products and services that match customers’ unique needs (Solomon, 2006). Geographical segmentation divides the market into different geographical units, such regions, nations, counties, cities, or neighbourhood. Companies choose to operate in one or more of these divisions. However, they must pay attention to geographical differences. For instance, Waterstones identified major cities within the UK where it opened multiple stores for customers who prefer physical books. At the same time, the company is defying geographical boundaries by launching Waterstones website to reach online and international customers. Demographic segmentation looks at variables such as family size, income, age, sexual orientation gender, occupation, religion, education, ethnicity, and nationality. Marketers prefer using demographic factors in segmentation of their markets. This is because customers’ needs, want s and usage vary considerably with different demographic factors. The same demographic factors are easy to measure than other segmentation methods. According to statistics, Waterstones can use demographic variables like age in segmenting its consumers. Research findings on book consumptions show that the main customers are female aged between 25 and 34, and 55-64 classified as ABC1. They mainly buy fictions. There are also children, food and drink titles. Competitions like Asda and Mintel Books target families and women of 25 to 34 years, and offer discounts to get these consumers. Recent studies also show that new group of consumers are emerging classified as C2, D and E. Psychographic segmentation puts buyers into social class, personality characteristics or lifestyle. Marketers are increasingly segmenting their consumers by lifestyle and targeting consumers of all ages (Adcock and Halborg, 2004). Waterstones can use lifestyle segmentation because what consumers buy reflect their lifestyles. The case study shows that men and women read for different reasons. Men may read for education or work purposes while women read for leisure. However, this segment of the market has lesser time to read. Therefore, they tend to read while commuting particularly women. Waterstones can exploit this market through offering its eBooks to consumers with busy lifestyles. The company can also understand lifestyle of its potential customers through internet usage. This will enable Waterstones adapt its eBooks in friendly and easily accessible platforms. This is because the emerging consumers tend to prefer reading on digital devices. There is also a booming market associated with celebrity lifestyle. Consumers prefer celebrity books especially during Christmas. According to John, Managing Director of Waterstones, the company has brand names of celebrity authors, such as Lee Evans, and Johnny Vagas, among others. However, preferences for celebrity books have created price wars. Th e buying decision-making process between Waterstones high street retail outlet and Waterstone’s web presence Consumers’ buying decision-making process depends on a number of factors. Some of these factors relate to marketing environment while others depend on individual characteristics, such as learning, attitude and personality (Jobber and Fahy, 2009). Factors influencing individual purchase decision are mainly socio-cultural. Likewise, personality, perception, attitude and motivation also influence consumers’ purchase decisions at Waterstones. Customers who prefer physical books will buy from the stores while those who prefer eBooks will order on the company’s web page. Technology and competitive environment have influenced purchasing decisions of readers. Consumers who are familiar with latest technology will also tend to order their books online. Waterstones offers discounts and has loyalty cards to track buying activities of their customers. The BML 2007 research also suggests that consumers are likely to buy on impulse while browsing books in a retail store. This group tends to buy books as gifts. The rationale of the Marketing Mix variables used by Waterstone’s between 2008 and present day There are four elements of marketing mix. These are price, product, place, and promotion (Palmer, 2004). Out of all these, Waterstones can only use price in achieving its marketing objectives. For instance, the book industry in the UK is experiencing price wars and discounts offers. This is mainly in the eBook sales where competitions cut prices up to half of the recommended retail cost. Waterstones tries to coordinate its pricing with book designs, distributions, and promotion decisions in order to form a consistent and effective marketing programme. The competitive book industry has forced the company to focus on pricing, promotion and place. For instance, there are outlets charging publishers displaying shelves to support and prom ote their products. Waterstones’ decision to position itself among the online book retailers means it must recover the costs invested in Sony partnership. At the same time, this will enable its online customers to get eBooks anywhere and at any time provided, there are no restrictions. Waterstones’ marketing mix tends to consider the total marketing mix when setting prices. This is because the competitive book industry cannot allow for non-price strategy. At the same time, the use of such online features as PDF and ePUB secured with Adobe ADEPT Digital Rights Management affects the quality, promotion and distribution of its books. These will strongly affect its pricing strategy. In all these marketing mix oriented towards pricing, Waterstones must remember that buyers rarely consider price alone. Instead, the books they seek must give them the best value. Current problems and recommendations for the future marketing strategy for Waterstones The recent operation losses have affected the company’s profit. Consequently, the management replaced the leadership. Waterstones must reorganize its internal management structure. This is due to the recent acquisition by Russian. The new management must focus on enhancing the company’s profitability and position it as an alternative online book store. This is because Waterstones also ventured into other operations that affected its image as a book retailer. The company is experiencing delays in distribution at its central Hub. These delays have alienated customers as staffs also complain of delays. At the same time, the delays have forced the company to rely on third-party wholesalers to ensure that customers get their deliveries. Waterstones must streamline operations at its Hub to ensure efficient distribution and refilling of stocks. The industry experts considered its deal with Sony has poorly executed. Though it sold over a million eBooks, consumers complained of limited choices. This is an area that Waterstones must address in order to remain competitive or else face extinction. Reference List Adcock, D. and Halborg, A., 2004. Marketing Principles and Practice, 4th Edition. London: Prentice Hall. Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S., 2005. Essentials of Marketing. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Jobber, D. and Fahy, J., 2009. Foundations of Marketing. New York: McGraw Hill. Kotler, P., Wong, V., Saunders, J. and Armstrong, G., 2005. Principles of Marketing, 4th edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. McConnell, R.C., Brue, S.L., and Barbiero, T.P., 2008. Microeconomics, 9th Canadian edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Palmer, A., 2004. Introduction to Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Solomon, M., 2006. Consumer Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Europe. Solomon, M., Marshall, G. and Stuart E., 2009. Marketing: Real People, Real Decisions, 1st European Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Ltd. This report on Environmental factors affecting the marketing of Waterstones books was written and submitted by user Will H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dicussion Example

Dicussion Example Dicussion – Coursework Example Symbolic Boundaries of Symbolic Boundaries Symbolic boundaries remain as a concept that allows people to be categorized into groups. In simple words, it can be said that the sociologists taking in-depth analysis of the cultural aspects of society claim symbolic boundaries as an imperative manner to understand the precision of creating groups. This paper aims to discuss symbolic boundaries impacting personal life. It should be noted that symbolic boundaries are present in the social environment of every individual from different classes. Considering about the symbolic boundaries that I have witnessed around me includes religious thinking that creates a distinction between classes the profane and sacred (Callaghan, 1994). In addition, the most common symbolic boundary that tends to impact social lives of people is the pattern of achieving knowledge. Not all groups within the society are considered to be curious. Therefore, groups that share similar thirst for gaining knowledge merge th emselves into one category. This is evident within my social boundary as well because I pursue a higher degree (Callaghan, 1994). As a matter fact, symbolic boundaries are in no way similar to that of social boundaries. The class distinction by symbolic boundaries is created in terms of common beliefs. On the other hand, social boundaries are clear stratification of the groups divided on the basis of symbolic boundaries. Through the above analysis, it can be well asserted that symbolic boundaries remain a very evident aspect of our lives. We are fully surrounded by thoughts and categories that make us a stay in a group with an identity. ReferenceCallaghan, K. (1994). Ideals of Feminine Beauty: Philosophical, Social, and Cultural Dimensions. New York: Greenwood Press.

Continuing with the plan development, this part will focus on the Essay

Continuing with the plan development, this part will focus on the marketing, operations and insurance components. It needs to pr - Essay Example These components are essential since they can determine the success of the restaurant in its operations. Additionally, the plan will outline how I will provide insurance for all employees, and insurance for my restaurant. II. Marketing Plan: In general, I have four methods that will be used to carry out marketing activities for my new restaurant and these include the following: the traditional way by words of mouth, online media, banner & brochures, and redemption door prize& discount. I believe that these methods would increase the popularity of my Hawaiian restaurant and this strategy can also contribute towards attracting a lot of customers. II.1.Words of Mouth One of the crucial aspects in business is the use of traditional method of marketing where the word of mouth will be utilized. The members of society often respond in different ways to a market offering where they may be surprised, disgusted or complain due service failure. Therefore, words of mouth are essential since they can be used as the initial strategy to respond to the concerns of the members of society and the targeted consumers. With this opportunity at hand, I anticipate that my restaurant will be one of the hottest spots in Washington D.C. since it will be the only Hawaiian restaurant. ... I am pretty sure that this word of mouth marketing strategy will help me to attract a lot of loyal customers because of family relationships and ties with the employees. This strategy will positively contribute to the success of the restaurant in its operations since it will mainly involve direct interaction with the potential customers. II.2.Online Media During the current period, it can be seen that the media particularly social media have been transformed into an effective platform for people to discuss various current issues, and events. I will hire people with good public relations, and communication skills to organize and manage my social media campaigns for my Hawaiian restaurant. First of all, I am going to concentrate on Yelp, and Trip Advisor because people often refer to these websites when they are looking for a restaurant in their area. I should try to create and maintain trust among the customers that will visit my restaurant. I will also make sure that we give feedback to the customers through Yelp, and Trip Advisor. In addition, my public relations division should update the restaurant website, Facebook pages, Instagram, and Twitter with current events, new menu, and any changes with our office hours every week. This will attract people to visit my restaurant to see upcoming events such or musicians who will entertain my Hawaiian restaurant customers. II.3. Banner & Brochures This is one of the marketing strategies that I will use for my restaurant. I will create attractive banners and place them on the streets, and I will also hire students from college and high school to spread the brochures at the Metro station, and public grocery stores. There would also be a frequent brochure that will highlight my restaurant’s future

Way to quick smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Way to quick smoking - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to discuss ways to quit smoking. Smoking is a very unhealthy that can lead to lung cancer and other health problems. According to the American Lung Association every year over 460,000 American citizens die from cigarette smoking (Lungusa). The faster a person decides the quit greater the chance the individual has to increase his / her lifespan. Quitting smoking is very difficult. One of the first things a person that makes the decision to quit should do is to look for a support group of friends and family to help them along the process. There are actual withdraw symptoms associated with getting of cigarettes. Some of these symptoms include: anxiety, nervousness, depression, sleeping disorders, attention deficit, hunger, and inability to concentrate among others. I have a cousin that has quit 3 times and he has always come back to the cigarette. He provided with a real life example of the reality that quitting smoking is extremely difficult. There are ways to quit smoking. Four products available in the marketplace to help a smoker get of the cigarettes are pills, nicotine patches, nicotine gum and electronic cigarettes. Two of the most commonly used pills to quit smoking are Zyban and Chantix. These must be prescribed by a doctor. A person attempting to quit smoking along with a support group should seek the assistance and advice of medical professional to help the person along in the process. Nicotine patches and pills are available over the counter and represent a cheap substitute that can help the person along in the process because it is proving the active ingredient in the cigarette, nicotine, which makes people so addicted. Electronic cigarettes are the newest method to quit smoking. The product has become very popular in Europe and most manufacturers of this alternative solution are Chinese based companies. The electronic cigarette is basically a

The categorical imperative and duty to Kant and comparing his ideas to Essay

The categorical imperative and duty to Kant and comparing his ideas to the golden rule of jesus - Essay Example As mentioned in the question to this essay itself, the maxim in question of the imperative runs as follows: act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. First, some of the first aspects to note with regard to the imperative, are that it is something which is obeyed as a duty by what he considers to be a morally good individual. Secondly, it is a moral obligation, and finally, and as a preliminary note which will be expanded upon, this is a notion which facilitates any morally 'good' action. Thus, the first section of the Groundwork concerns the general notion of obedience as it is connected with the categorical imperative, and the second section reviews in more detail the doctrines about the categorical imperative, and considers those aspects which might be taken as a criticism or potential criticism of the doctrine itself. From the general, to the more specific, an important dimension of the whole aspect of the imperativ e is the notion of universalibility, and this is related to the aspect of 'willing' something which can or could be equally willed by any other person In the Groundwork, Kant argues that a 'good' man is going to use the criterion of 'universality' for all of his actions, as a maxim which works as a standard to judge good from bad actions, or ethical from unethical decisions. This implies that the means for this obedience or duty to the categorical imperative also involves a certain sense of 'autonomy' for the individual. He maintains that the â€Å"categorical imperative† a â€Å"maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law . . . the universality of law according to which effects are produced constitutes what is properly called nature in the most general sense (as to form), i.e., the existence of things as far determined by universal laws.† [Pojman, Ed., 1998: 302]. Accordingly, the â€Å"universal imperative of duty may† is â€Å"the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature. [Pojman, Ed., 1998: 302] Having stated the law in question (the categorical imperative), Kant proceeds to both demonstrate this through an example, which is an example that also serves for purposes of proving this as universally valid as a criterion for moral action. Thus, with regard to the aforementioned notion of 'autonomy', or the moral choice of the individual, Kant establishes what might be called a property of ethical legislation which qualifies as a command. In the second section of the Groundwork, which is a section under the subtitle or subheading of the 'doctrine of virtue', Kant asserts the following with respect to this important 'property' or salient aspect, and which qualifies as both an example and a demonstration or proof the categorical imperative: "Another man in need finds himself forced to borrow money . . . the maxim of his action would then be expressed as follows: when I believe myself to be in need of money, I will borrow money and promise to pay it back, although I know that I can never do so." [Pojman, Ed., 1998: 302] In this example, Kant argues that although it is possible for myself, or anyone else to adopt this maxim, that is, as an application or concrete example of the categorical

Entrepreneurship for Small Businesses

Entrepreneurship for Small Businesses Entrepreneurship creates a new field of business, despite risks and uncertainty. To achieve profit and growth, a business must identify crucial opportunities and assemble the necessary resources to capitalize on them. Most forms of entrepreneurship are small scale businesses which begin targeting a specific class of customers. Entrepreneurship business has a bright vision according to the report by many studies. Starting business might be an opportunity for people who have been the unemployed, caused by economic recession. There are two important factors to keep creativity which is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities. Next innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities while enhancing or enriching peoples lives. Furthermore, the three steps to implement creativity and innovation are developing a strategic plan for a business using the nine steps in the strategic planning process, and building a marketing plan, pricing strategies, financial plan, and cash flow management. These will be necessary for a small business to be successful as well as a harmony with considering the opposite side opinions. Background of Current Economic Situation The condition of global economy is in the recession and that is evidence through various economic figures like the GDP, the rate of unemployment, crisis of subprime mortgage which is a huge economic crisis to intimidate the base of economy system caused by deficit of real estate by overestimation (Oshinsky, J., Fleishman, B., Murray, J., Fields, J., 2007). Aggregate supply which is a total amount of producing by companies in a country, and aggregate demand which is a total amount of consuming by customers in a country are getting to decrease (Vogel Jr., J., 2007). Especially unemployment rate influences the real living quality of people. The more the unemployment rate increases, the worse the quality of peoples living is. Moreover, the social instability is caused by the high rate of unemployment (Barrell, R. Holland, D., 2008). Considering Entrepreneurship as a Solution In this situation, the establishment of a small business and entrepreneurship is one of the solutions to decrease financial crisis such as a high rate of unemployment and deduction of the GDP. This will provide not only the opportunity to recover the loss of many unemployed workers and the GDP, but also create many jobs and products caused by new entry of small businesses. Furthermore, there are many other reasons to support entrepreneurship as a good alternative to solve the recession (Patterson, S., 1993). Common people still regard establishing a business as a risky challenge that could lead to big failure. It is usual that one who does not have confidence in his or her success might avoid establishing his or her own business. But, if there is a unique idea to be applied in a new business, and it is certain that a competitive business strategy plan and solid management could be settled based on thorough analysis regarding the new market, the result of small business would not be risky, and could make an amazing profit. Of course, maintaining a study for corresponding customers feedback and avoiding any potential drawbacks is an essential requirement for the success of small business (Carmona, J., 2008). The Positive Aspects of Entrepreneurship First of all, there are reasons why the entrepreneurship will be appropriate for recovering and restarting a career in the period of recent recession in two points of view. In a viewpoint of the individual entrepreneur, the entrepreneurship will be a chance to create your own destiny after resigning from your former profession. Owning a business provides entrepreneurs the independence and the opportunity to make their desire a reality. It is certain that the result of managing businesses should be required to their responsibilities if their businesses are successful or not. The small business will be an opportunity to make a difference because they see a chance to make a difference in a cause that is important to them. The entrepreneurs are always looking for ways to combine their concerns for social issues and their desires to earn a good living. Moreover, the entrepreneurs businesses become their instrument for self-expression and self-actualization. Their businesses are exciting and challenging for them. The entrepreneurs usually enjoy their businesses as their hobbies, not a work. Their success of businesses depends on their ability regarding how much they are creative, enthusiastic, and vision will be imposed from their potential capacity (Klein, K., 2008). Besides, the entrepreneurship will be a good opportunity to earn impressive profits. Many of them do become wealthy. For example, nearly 75 percent of those on the Forbes list of the 400 richest Americans are first generation entrepreneurs. According to research by Thomas Stanley and William Danko, self-employed business owners make up two thirds of American millionaires. Furthermore, small business owners are generally among the most respected and most trusted members of their communities. Business deals based on trust and mutual respect are the guarantees of many established small companies. These owners are proud of the trust and recognition they receive from the customers they have served faithfully over the years. A study by the National Federation of Independent Businesses found that seventy eight percent of Americans believe that small businesses exerts a positive influence on the countrys direction, a ranking exceeded only by science and technology (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Most advantage of the entrepreneurship is that owners of small businesses can make their hobbies their work, and they can enjoy their work with great interest and fun. Even though their business is not successful, they can satisfy just their working process because they have a business they enjoy and love (Shah, A., 2007). In a viewpoint of the contribution to society of the entrepreneurship, not only small companies lead the way in creating jobs, but they also take the brunt of training workers for them. One study by the Small Business Administration concluded that small businesses are the leaders in offering training and advancement opportunities to workers. Small companies offer more general skill instruction and training than larger ones, and their employees receive more benefits from the training than do those in larger firms. Even though their training programs tend to be informal, in-house, and on–the–job, small companies teach employees valuable skills, from written communication to computer literacy. Small businesses also produce fifty one percent of the countrys private GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and account for forty seven percent of business sales. In fact, the US small business sector is the worlds third largest economy, trailing only the entire US economy and China. Small companies also are incubators of new ideas, products, and services. Small firms actually create thirteen to fourteen times more innovations per research employee than large companies. Traditionally small businesses have played a role in innovation and they continue to do so today. Many important inventions trace their roots to an entrepreneur, including the zipper, FM radio, the laser, air conditioning, the escalator, the light bulb, the personal computer, and the automatic transmission (Stottlemyer, T., 2008). Likewise, the entrepreneurship business has a positive vision based on above facts. If the entrepreneurs want to make their business successful, they need a good plan to differentiate their business from other businesses. Thus, creativity about their business should be represented as one of the main factors of success. Creativity is not only an important source for building a competitive advantage, but it also is a necessity especially for survival of small business. Small businesses relatively have disadvantages for the high cost to produce goods and services, and narrow selling channels compared with big companies. Therefore, creativity is a very important part to motivate the company, making it more competitive in the market. Creative ideas would not be easy to be caught, thus should be found after the creative process which involves seven steps (Spence, R., 2006). Preparing for Entrepreneurship The first step is the preparation that includes a formal education, on the job training, work experience, and taking advantage of other learning opportunities. These ways can provide a foundation on which to build creativity and innovation. For instance, the adaptation of attitudes of a lifelong student will assist owners of small businesses to establish and manage their businesses. Every situation you meet will be an opportunity to learn about the business. Reading many writings even if it is not in your field of profession, will be a source of creativity and innovation which are frequently originated from blended ideas and concepts in various fields of different expertise. In addition, gathering articles related to your small business should be the great guide book to bring the information from which to draw ideas and inspirations. Furthermore, joining professional and trade associations and attending their meetings will be a chance to brainstorm with others who have similar interests. You can learn how others solved specific problems, which will give you new insight to solve your problems of business. Besides, there are practical plans to prepare for creativity like investing time in studying other countries and their cultures. This offers incredible business opportunities for entrepreneurs with necessary knowledge and experience by your global experiences. The second step is the investigation which requires one to develop a solid understanding of the problem, situation, or decision. To create new ideas and concepts in a particular field, an individual must first study the problem and understand its basic components. Creative thinking comes about when people make careful observations of the world around them and then investigate the way things work (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The third step is the transformation which involves viewing the similarities and the differences among the information collected. This phase requires two types of thinking: convergent and divergent. Convergent thinking is the ability to see the similarities and the connections among various and often diverse data and events. Divergent thinking is the ability to see the differences among various data and events (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The fourth step is the incubation which is concerned about the time of subconscious needs to reflect on the information collected. To an observer, this phase of the creative process would be quite boring; it looks as though nothing is happening. In fact, during this phase, it may appear that the creative person is loafing. Incubation occurs while the individual is away from the problem, often engaging in some totally unrelated activity. Working on the problem or opportunity in a different environment helps stimulate your creativity (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The fifth step is the illumination which occurs at some point during the incubation stage when a spontaneous breakthrough causes â€Å"the light bulb to go on.† In the illumination stage, all of the previous stages come together to produce the â€Å"Eureka factor†- the creation of the innovate idea. In one study of two hundred scientists, eighty percent said that at least once a solution to a problem had â€Å"just popped into their heads†- usually when they were away from the problems (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The sixth step is the verification. For entrepreneurs, proving an idea as accurate and useful may include conducting experiments, running simulations, test marketing a product or service, establishing small scale pilot programs, building prototypes, and engaging in many other activities designed to verify that the new idea will work and is practical to implement. The goal is to subject the innovative idea to the test of cold and hard reality (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The seventh step is the implementation. The main purpose of this step is to transform the idea into reality. Many people come up with creative ideas in order to promise new products or services, but most never take them beyond the idea stage. What sets entrepreneurs apart is that they act in their ideas. An entrepreneurs final goal is to make their innovative ideas in the reality successfully (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Designing a Competitive Business Model After establishing creative ideas which are differentiated from other competitors, entrepreneur needs to design a competitive business model. Obviously the number of strategies from which the small business owner can choose is enormous. But, there are three basic strategies remain permanently. First one is cost leadership. A company pursuing a cost leadership strategy strives to be the lowest cost producer relative to its competitors in the industry. Low cost leaders have a competitive advantage in reaching buyers whose main purchase criterion is price. They have the power to set the industrys price floor. This strategy works well when buyers are sensitive to price changes, when competing firms sell the same products and compete on the basis of the price , and when companies can benefit from economies of scale. Not only is a low cost leader in the best position to define itself in a price war, but it also can use its power to attack competitors with the lowest price in the market. Next is the differentiation. A company following a differentiation strategy seeks to build customer loyalty by positioning its goods and services in a unique or different fashion. That enables the business to command higher price for its products or services than competitors. The key of differentiation is to be special at something that is important to the customers. In other word, a business strives to be better than its competitors at something customers value. Last one is the focus strategy which recognizes that not all markets are homogeneous. In fact, there are many different customer segments, each having different needs, wants, and characteristics. The principal idea of the focus strategy is to select one or more market segments, identify customers special needs, wants, and interests, and approach them with a good or service designed to excel in meeting these needs, wants, and interests. Focus strategies build on the differences among market segments. Fro instance, most markets contains a population of customers who are willing and able to pay for the premium goods and services, giving small companies the opportunity to follow a focus strategy aimed at the premium segment of the market. Strategic Management Entrepreneur should plan the strategic management process. Generally small companies that lack clear strategies may achieve some success in the short run, but as soon as competitive conditions stiffen or an unanticipated threat arises, they usually â€Å"hit the wall† and fold. Without a basis for differentiating itself from a pack of similar competitors, the best a company can hope for is mediocrity in the marketplace. In todays intensely competitive global environment, entrepreneurs who are not thinking and acting strategically are putting their businesses at risk. Strategic management is the mechanism for operating successfully in a chaotic competitive environment. The goal of developing a strategic plan is to create for the small company a competitive advantage which is the aggregation of factors that sets the small business apart from its competitors and gives it a unique position in the market. Every small firm must establish a plan for creating a unique image in the minds of its potential customers. A company builds a competitive edge on its core competencies, which are a unique set of capabilities that a company develops in key operational areas, such as quality, service, innovation, team building, flexibility, responsibilities, and others, that allow it to get over past competitors. They are what the company does best and are the focal point of the strategy. This step must identify target market segments and determine how to position the firm in those markets. Entrepreneurs must identify some way to differentiate their companies from competitors. The initiate step of developing a strategic plan is that developing a clear vision and translating it into a meaningful mission statement. Highly successful entrepreneurs are able to communicate their vision to those around them. The firms mission statement answers the first question as what business am I in? The mission statement sets the tone for the entire company. The second step is assessing the companys strengths and weaknesses. Strengths are positive internal factors; weaknesses are negative internal factors. The third step is scanning the environment for significant opportunities and threats facing the business. Opportunities are positive external options; threats are negative external forces. The fourth step is identifying the key factors for success in the business. In every business, key factors that determine the success of the firms in it, and so they must be an integral part of a companys strategy. Key success factors are relationships between a controllable variable and a critical factor influencing the firms ability to compete in the market. The fifth step is that analyzing the competition. Business owners should know their competitors business almost as well as they know their own business. A competitive profile matrix is a helpful tool for analyzing competitors strengths and weaknesses (Shah, A., 2007). The sixth step is to create company goals and objectives. Goals are the broad, long-range attributes that the firm seeks to accomplish. Objectives are quantifiable and more precise; they should be specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, timely, and written down. The process works best when managers and employees are actively involved. The seventh step is to formulate strategic options and select the appropriate strategies. A strategy is the game plan the firm plans to use to achieve its objectives and mission. It must center on establishing for the firm the key success factors identified earlier. The eighth step to translate strategic plans into action plans. No strategic plan is complete until the owner puts it into action. The last step is to establish accurate controls. Actual performance rarely matches plans exactly. Operating data from the business assembled into a comprehensive scorecard serve as an important guidepost for determining how effective a companys strategy is. This information is especially helpful when plotting future strategies (Shah, A., 2007). Marketing Strategy After that, building a marketing plan is necessary for entrepreneurs to act their managing strategies in reality, which is the process of creating and delivering to customers including all of activities related to winning and retaining loyal customers. Thus, marketing plan focus on the companys target customers and how to satisfy their needs and wants. Solid marketing plan should determine customer needs and wants through market research, and pinpoint the specific target markets the company will serve. Furthermore, after analyzing the firms competitive advantages and building a marketing strategy, entrepreneurs should create a marketing mix for their customers (Spence, R., 2006). Entrepreneurs should understand where in their customers product life cycle lately. They also focus on choosing the appropriate channel and place of distribution and using it efficiently. Setting the right price for their products or services is pretty hard because this work need to utilize the statistic data and catch the emotion of customers regarding their products. At the end of marketing strategy, owners of small businesses should develop a promotion for their products including advertising, personal selling, creating events, and guerilla marketing that is a kind of marketing promotions focused on emphasizing unique comparative advantages relative to other competitors (Spence, R., 2006). Opposite Side Opinion People who have opposite opinions against entrepreneurship point out ten potential risks. First is management mistake that is the primary cause of business failure. Sometimes the owner of a small business lacks the leadership ability, sound judgment, and knowledge necessary to make the business work. Second is lack of business experience which indicates that most entrepreneurs tend to be beginners to be easy to make management mistakes in their own businesses. Third one is poor financial control. Effective managers realize that any successful business venture requires proper financial control. Business success also requires having a sufficient amount of capital on hand at start-up. Undercapitalization is a common cause of business failure because companies run out of capital before they are able to generate positive cash flow. Entrepreneurs tend to be overly optimistic and often misjudge the financial requirements of going into business (US Recession Would Hurt, 2008). Fourth one is weak marketing efforts that means entrepreneurs tend to misunderstand the marketing efforts. For example, owners of small businesses usually believe their businesses will make a great number of customers automatically, but it almost never happens in reality. Building a growing base of customers requires a sustained and creative marketing effort. Keeping customers coming back requires providing customers with value, quality, convenience, service, and fun. Fifth thing is failure to develop a strategic plan. Many small business managers ignore the process of strategic planning because they think that is something that benefits only large companies. Without a good defined strategy, a business has no sustainable basis for creating and maintaining a competitive edge in the marketplace. Establishing a strategic plan drives entrepreneurs to assess realistically a proposed businesss potential. Sixth thing is uncontrolled growth. Business growth is a natural, healthy, and desirable part of any business, but it must be planned and controlled. As the business increases in size and complexity, problems increase in magnitude, and the entrepreneur must learn to deal with them. Seventh thing is poor location. Business location are often selected without proper study, investigation, and planning. Some beginning owners select a particular location just because they found a vacant building. The sales business should be influenced heavily by choice of location. Eighth is improper inventory control. Insufficient inventory control results in shortages and stockouts, causing customers to become disillusioned and leave. More common situation is that the manager has not only too much inventory, but also too much of wrong type of inventory (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Ninth is incorrect pricing. Small business owners usually underprice their products and services for making strong competition. Establishing accurate prices is to know what a product or service costs to make or to provide. Then, business owners can establish prices that reflect the image they want to make for their companies with an observation on the competition. Tenth is inability to make the Entrepreneurial Transition. After the start up, growth usually requires a radically different style of management, one that entrepreneurs are not necessarily good at. Growth requires entrepreneurs to delegate authority and to relinquish hands-on control of daily operations, something many entrepreneurs simply can not do (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Suggestions for solving opposite side Entrepreneurs must know their business field in depth. Small business owners should get the best education in their business area before they set out on their own business. Small business managers have to become serious students of their industry to analyze and examine their industry for their success. Reading trade journals, business periodicals, books, and research reports related to their industry, which can guide entrepreneurs to the success. Moreover, personal contact with suppliers, customers, trade associations in the same industry is another excellent way to get that knowledge. Small business owners should develop a solid business plan that is a crucial ingredient in preparing for business success. Well written and planned business plan not only provide a pathway to success, but it also creates a benchmark against which an entrepreneur can measure actual company performance. This planning process drives entrepreneurs to ask and answer some difficult, challenging, and crucial questions. Managing financial resources is also essential part for entrepreneurs to run their business successfully. The best defense against financial problems is to develop a practical information system and then use this information to make business decisions. The first step in managing financial resources effectively is to have adequate start up capital. Estimating initial capital as much double as entrepreneurs expect will be good for starting a business because many costs that entrepreneurs do not expect will come out at the beginning time. The most valuable financial resource is cash. Even though earning a profit is essential to its long term survival, a business must have an appropriate supply of cash to pay its bills and obligations. Managing cash is one of entrepreneurs primary abilities to maintain their business. Owners in small businesses have to understand financial statements what is going on in the business. These financial statements are reliable indicators of small businesses health. They can be helpful in realizing potential problems like declining sales, slipping profits, rising debt, and deteriorating working capital that are symptoms of potentially critical problems which require immediate attention. No matter what kind of business entrepreneurs launch, entrepreneurs must learn to manage people. Every business depends on the foundation of well trained, motivated employees. Business owner can not do everything alone. In the end, most dominant sustainable resource is the good quality of the people entrepreneurs have. Starting business is like running a marathon. If entrepreneurs are not physically and mentally prepared, entrepreneurs had better do something different. The success of business depends on entrepreneurs constant presence and attention. It is critical to monitor a business condition constantly. Also successful entrepreneurs recognize that their most valuable asset of their time, and they learn to manage it effectively to make themselves and their companies more productive. Conclusion Entrepreneurship is not ultimate solution for solving recession, but it can be one of primary alternatives to help people come out of economic recession. Although there are risks to start a business, entrepreneurship have many advantages to be valuable for challenging new industry. For instance, good opportunity to earn impressive profits, making hobbies main work, and the contribution to society is representative advantages of entrepreneurship. Therefore, considering the opposite opinions, building solid managing strategy and marketing plan, maintaining a study for corresponding customers feedback must make entrepreneurship successfully.

Historic Preservation: Gentrification or Economic Development :: Free Essays Online

Historic Preservation: Gentrification or Economic Development Historic preservation has traditionally been simply restoring historically significant architectural or geographical sites for aesthetic value or for the benefit of future generations to better understand the ways and styles of the past. As the National Trust for Historic Preservation explains, â€Å"when historic buildings and neighborhoods are torn down or allowed to deteriorate, a part of our past disappears forever. When that happens, we lose history that helps us know who we are, and we lose opportunities to live and work in the kinds of interesting and attractive surroundings that older buildings can provide† (NTHP web site). Recently the use of historic preservation has also begun to be viewed by cities and towns as a means to economic development and urban renewal. According to advocates, historic preservation has aided in local economic and community revitalization, increased tourism and employment, and preserved regional history, culture, and pride. However, historic preservation has often lacked public support due to a negative reputation. Some see it, not as a means to revitalizing local communities, but rather, as simply driving the problems further under the surface or into other areas, namely, as a means to gentrification. This reputation is not entirely unfounded, as there have been instances when gentrification was exactly the intended goal. There is a fundamental dichotomy and tension within economic development policies in general, and specifically with historic preservation, between the need to bring in wealthy residents and new businesses and the likelihood that it will drive out or alienate low to moderate-income local residents. Historic preservation will, of course, not work for every struggling area in the nation, but for those that can use it, alone or in conjunction with other methods of economic development it is important to recognize that the only way to have truly sustainable economic development and not simply economic growth at the expense of local community and quality of life issues is to find a balance between this dichotomy and accommodate all members of a community. Social and Economic Benefits Organizations such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the US department of Housing and Urban Development, and their state and local counterparts are currently emphasizing the benefits of historic preservation as a method of urban revitalization. According to Judith Kremen, Executive Director of the Baltimore County Historical Trust, historic preservation benefits local economies because it: â€Å"creates a

How Innovative or Original Can a Successful Artist Be? Essay

Art – How innovative or original can a successful artist be? Art is considered to vary across culture and also through time. Art considered as a masterpiece by this group of people might not even be appreciated by another group of people. Art changes through time and the value of a certain artistic piece might increase or decrease through time. Art is what defines a culture, thus it is regarded by many as the main (not sure we could say this, I think you wanted to say something else)aspect in a culture’s construction. Art function as an emotional gratification for an individual. It also contributes to social integration and it serves as a social control tool. It also preserves or challenges the status quo. Artist will usually have their image or idea embedded into paintings, dances, songs or even poems. These artists are trying to make a symbolic statement through their artwork and sometimes their arts document and convey a vast array of their own experience of life. Very good point However, art changes through time and the symbolic statement made by artists back in their days might not be understood by the modern generation and these arts will start to lose value. Music is the perfect example. The music trend changes through time. Bee Gees used to be a very popular musical group and everyone in the 60’s and 70’s knew them. As time passes, the group faces stiff competition from new and younger artists. It cannot be denied that Bee Gees is one of the most successful groups of all time, but no one can stay popular forever as art changes through time. To the older generation of 60’s and 70’s, the playing of Bee Gees music on radio recalls good old memories but the younger generation would seem to think that Bee Gees can no longer be the voice of their generation and prefer other genre of music. Being innovative or original at a certain era would bring an artist success, but these successes do not last long. good obeservation Music transfers feelings and ideas of the artists. Everyone is able to relate to a certain type of music. One of Michael Jackson’s songs, ‘Heal the World’ was a big hit when it was first released. Jackson said this is the song he was most proud to have created. The music video features children living in countries suffering from unrest, especially in Burundi. This song was used by Jackson as a communication tool to tell the world of the actual reality going on in countries that were still suffering from unrest. ‘Heal the World’ was used as a satire, to ridicule nations who were still in war so that they will change or stop what they are doing. Through this song, Jackson was able to produce an emotional impact and transmitted the knowledge to the public that humans should be the one healing the world and make it a better place for everyone to live in, instead of destroying it. Michael Jackson, being able to adapt to different themes and various genres, this allow him to be original and innovative and has led to him being successful. Even though Jackson has passed away, his music is still being appreciated worldwide. Anthropologists generally agreed that value of an art is based on the role and status of the artists in the community and this is further proven when Jackson’s death did raised the value of his music as he was regarded as the ‘King of Pop’ and his contribution to music, dance and fashion proved to something that will never be forgotten. Today, Van Gogh’s work sells for unprecedented prices and is some of the most treasured and highly sought after in the world. His  Portrait of Dr. Gachet  sold for $82. 5 million in 1990, making it one of the most expensive paintings ever sold. In his time, however, Van Gogh was an unsuccessful, starving artist. He produced more than 2,000 works of art, but sold only two during his lifetime. Van Gogh, suffering from mental illness and further depressed by his lack of success, committed suicide at the age of 37. His post-Impressionist style, filled with emotion, movement and vibrancy, was not popular during his life but would go on to influence decades of artists that followed, and his works remain some of the most highly regarded paintings in modern art. Van Gogh’s art was not appreciated by the people of his time because his artwork wasn’t able to communicate to the public in a way they can related to or learn to relate to. They thought he was just another want-to-be artist who wasn’t going anywhere with his artwork. This also proved that the value of someone’s art is related to the role and status of the artists in the community. Van Gogh didn’t belong to an artist organization or famous art school and his family was neither rich nor famous so he was constantly looked down and no one took him seriously. Jason Mecier creates portraits of famous celebraties using junk, sweets and pills. The San Francisco artist builds collages from unusual materials that he feels suit the personality or life of the subject. The above is a portrait of Amy Winehouse constructed from 5,000 multicolored tablets. Mecier created this portrait to honor the singer’s short life. He captured the tragic star in a poignant pose depicted by colorful medications as part of a series of mosaics inspired by celebrities who battled drug abuse. Jason Mecier used his arts to make a symbolic statement and his symbolic meanings were encoded in the materials and techniques used. He is indirectly transmitting the knowledge that drugs and alcohol abuse are deadly as Amy Winehouse died from alcohol abuse. Mecier, being an innovative and original artist, his portraits were able to gain international attention and have featured for many years in national consumer magazines and prestigious galleries. To say art provides enrichment to humankind is not exaggerating. People have been inspired by thought provoking creations, from Van Gogh’s to Mecier’s art, from Bee Gees to Michael Jackson’s music. However, being innovative and original doesn’t mean you will enjoy instant success. In fact, I think it’s that confluence of commercial success and artistic greatness that makes recent artists so successful. In previous periods, great artists were rejected in their time, but nowadays some great artists are revered in their day, rewarded with wealth and fame, without sacrificing their art.