The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 4

It was the little changes that surprised Elena the most. She had expected the Guardians to bring Fel ‘s Church back. And they had. The last time she'd seen the town, probably a quarter of the houses had been rubble. They'd been burned or bombed, some ful y destroyed, some only half-gone, with police tape dangling dismal y across what was left of their entrances. Around and above the ruined houses, trees and bushes had grown and stretched strangely, vines draping over the debris, giving the streets of the smal town the look of an ancient jungle. Now Fel ‘s Church was – mostly – the way Elena remembered it. A picture postcard – perfect smal Southern town of deep-porched houses surrounded by careful y tended flower gardens and big old trees. The sun was shining and the air was warm with the promise of a hot and humid Virginia summer day. From a few blocks away came the muted roar of a lawn mower, and the smel of cut grass fil ed the air. The Kinkade kids in the house on the corner had dragged out their badminton set and were batting the birdie back and forth; the youngest girl waved to Elena and Stefan as they passed. Everything took Elena back to the long July days she'd known al the previous summers of her life. Elena hadn't asked for her old life back, though. Her exact words had been: I want a new life, with my real old life behind me. She'd wanted Fel ‘s Church to be the way it would have been now, months later, if evil had never come to town back at the beginning of her senior year. But she hadn't realized how jarring al the little changes would be. The smal colonial-style house in the middle of the next block had been painted a surprising shade of pink, and the old oak tree in its front lawn had been cut down and replaced with a flowering shrub. â€Å"Huh.† Elena turned to Stefan as they passed the house. â€Å"Mrs. McCloskey must have died, or moved to a nursing home.† Stefan looked at her blankly. â€Å"She never would have let them paint her house that color. There must be new people living there,† she explained, shivering slightly. â€Å"What is it?† Stefan asked instantly, as attuned to her moods as ever. â€Å"Nothing, it's just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena tried to smile as she tucked a silky lock of hair behind her ear. â€Å"She used to feed me cookies when I was a kid. It's strange to realize she might have died of natural causes while we've been gone.† Stefan nodded, and the two walked silently to Fel ‘s Church's smal downtown. Elena was about to point out that her favorite coffee shop had been replaced by a drugstore, when she grabbed Stefan's arm. â€Å"Stefan. Look.† Coming toward them were Isobel Saitou and Jim Bryce. â€Å"Isobel! Jim!† Elena shouted joyful y, and ran toward them. But Isobel was stiff in her arms, and Jim was looking at her curiously. â€Å"Uh, hi?† Isobel said hesitantly. Elena instantly stepped back. Oops. In this life, did she even know Isobel? They'd been in school together, of course. Jim had gone out with Meredith a couple of times before he and Isobel started dating, although Elena hadn't known him wel . But it was possible she had never even spoken to quiet, studious Isobel Saitou before the kitsune came to town. Elena's mind worked busily, trying to figure out how to get out of this without seeming crazy. But a warm buzz of happiness kept rising up in her chest, keeping her from taking the problem too seriously. Isobel was okay. She'd suffered so much at the hands of the kitsune: She'd pierced herself in horrible ways and slit her own tongue so severely that even after she'd recovered from the kitsune's thral , she'd spoken in a soft slur. Worse, the kitsune goddess had been in Isobel's house the whole time, pretending to be Isobel's grandmother. And poor Jim†¦ Infected through Isobel, Jim had torn himself apart, eating at his own flesh. Yet here he was, as handsome and carefree – albeit mildly confused – as ever. Stefan smiled broadly, and Elena couldn't stop giggling. â€Å"Sorry, guys, I'm just†¦ so happy to see familiar faces from school. I must miss good old Robert E. Lee High School, you know? Who would have thought?† It was a pretty weak excuse, but Isobel and Jim smiled and nodded. Jim cleared his throat awkwardly and said, â€Å"Yeah, it was a good year, wasn't it?† Elena laughed again. She couldn't help herself. A good year. They chatted for a few minutes before Elena casual y asked, â€Å"How's your grandmother, Isobel?† Isobel looked at her blankly. â€Å"My grandmother?† she said. â€Å"You must be confusing me with someone else. Both my grandmothers have been dead for years.† â€Å"Oh, my mistake.† Elena said good-bye and managed to contain herself until Isobel and Jim were out of earshot. Then she took Stefan by the arms, pul ed him toward her, and gave him a resounding kiss, feeling delight and triumph passing back and forth between them. â€Å"We did it,† she said when the kiss had ended. â€Å"They're fine! And not just them.† More solemn now, she gazed up into his green eyes, so serious and kind. â€Å"We did something real y important and wonderful, didn't we?† â€Å"We did,† Stefan agreed, but she couldn't help but notice something hard in his voice as he said it. They walked hand in hand, and without discussing it, they headed for the edge of town, crossing Wickery Bridge and climbing the hil . They turned into the cemetery, past the ruined church where Katherine had hidden, and down into the little val ey below that held the newer part of the graveyard. Elena and Stefan sat down on the neatly trimmed grass by the big marble headstone with â€Å"Gilbert† carved into the front. â€Å"Hi, Mom. Hi, Dad,† Elena whispered. â€Å"I'm sorry it's been so long.† Back in her old life, she had visited her parents' graves often, just to talk to them. She'd felt like they were able to hear her somehow, that they were wishing her wel from whatever higher plane they'd ended up on. It had always made her feel better to tel them her troubles, and before her life had gotten so complicated, she had told them everything. She put out one hand and gently touched the names and dates carved on the tombstone. Elena bent her head. â€Å"It's my fault they're dead,† she said. Stefan made a soft noise of disagreement, and she turned to look at him. â€Å"It is,† she said, her eyes burning. â€Å"The Guardians told me so.† Stefan sighed and kissed her forehead. â€Å"The Guardians wanted to kil you,† he said. â€Å"To make you one of them. And they accidental y kil ed your parents instead. It's no more your fault than if they had shot at you and missed.† â€Å"But I distracted my father at the critical moment and made him crash,† Elena said, hunching her shoulders. â€Å"So the Guardians say,† Stefan replied. â€Å"But they wouldn't want it to sound like their fault. They don't like to admit they make mistakes. The fact remains that the accident that kil ed your parents wouldn't have happened if the Guardians hadn't been there.† Elena lowered her eyes to hide the tears swimming in them. What Stefan said was true, she thought, but she couldn't stop the chorus of myfaultmyfaultmyfault in her head. A few wild violets were growing on her left, and she picked them, along with a patch of buttercups. Stefan joined her, handing her a sprig of columbine with yel ow bel -shaped blossoms to add to her tiny wildflower bouquet. â€Å"Damon never trusted the Guardians,† he said quietly. â€Å"Wel , he wouldn't – they don't think much of vampires. But beyond that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He reached for a tal stalk of Queen Anne's lace growing beside a nearby headstone. â€Å"Damon had a pretty finely tuned sense for detecting lies – the lies people told themselves and the ones they told other people. When we were young we had a tutor – a priest, no less – who I liked and my father trusted, and Damon despised. When the man ran off with my father's gold and a young lady from the neighborhood, Damon was the only one who wasn't surprised.† Stefan smiled at Elena. â€Å"He said that the priest's eyes were wrong. And that he spoke too smoothly.† Stefan shrugged. â€Å"My father and I never noticed. But Damon did.† Elena smiled tremulously. â€Å"He always knew when I wasn't being total y honest with him.† She had a sudden flash of memory: of Damon's deep black eyes holding hers, his pupils dilated like a cat's, his head tilting as their lips met. She looked away from Stefan's warm green eyes, so different from Damon's dark ones, and twisted the thick stalk of the Queen Anne's lace around the other flowers. When the bouquet was tied together, she placed it on her parents' grave. â€Å"I miss him,† Stefan said softly. â€Å"There was a time when I would have thought†¦ when his death might have been a relief. But I'm so glad we came together – that we were brothers again – before he died.† He put a gentle hand beneath Elena's chin and tilted her head up so that her eyes met his again. â€Å"I know you loved him, Elena. It's okay. You don't have to pretend.† Elena gave a little gasp of pain. It was like there was a dark hole inside her. She could laugh and smile and marvel at the restored town; she could love her family; but al the time there was this dul ache, this terrible sense of loss. Letting her tears loose at last, Elena fel into Stefan's arms. â€Å"Oh, my love,† he said, his voice catching, and they wept together, taking comfort in each other's warmth. Fine ash had fal en for a long time. Now it settled at last and the smal moon of the Nether World was covered with thick, sticky piles of dust. Here and there, opalescent fluid pooled against the charred blackness, coloring it with the rainbow of an oil slick. Nothing moved. Now that the Great Tree had disintegrated, nothing lived in this place. Deep below the surface of the ruined moon was a body. His poisoned blood had stopped flowing and he lay unmoving, unfeeling, unseeing. But the drops of fluid saturating his skin nourished him, and a slow thrum of magical life beat steadily on. Every now and then a flicker of consciousness rose within him. He had forgotten who he was and how he had died. But there was a voice somewhere deep inside him, a light, sweet voice he knew wel , that told him, Close your eyes now. Let go. Let go. Go. It was comforting, and his last spark of consciousness was holding on for a moment longer, just to hear it. He couldn't remember whose voice it was, although something in it reminded him of sunlight, of gold and lapis lazuli. Let go. He was slipping away, the last spark dimming, but it was al right. It was warm and comfortable, and he was ready to let go now. The voice would take him al the way to†¦ to wherever it was he would go. As the flicker of consciousness was about to go out for the last time, another voice – a sharper, more commanding voice, the voice of someone used to having his orders obeyed – spoke within him. She needs you. She's in danger. He couldn't let go. Not yet. That voice pul ed painful y at him, holding him to life. With a sharp shock, everything shifted. As if he'd been ripped out of that gentle, cozy place, he was suddenly freezing cold. Everything hurt. Deep within the ash, his fingers twitched.

Final proposal on tourism

No part of this proposal should be used without the prior permission by the author or Mom University. Name: Janet, Esther Signature†¦ Date: 2nd Gauge 2014 Declaration by the supervisor This work has been submitted for examination with our approval as university Name†¦ Supervisor Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date: This research is dedicated to my beloved parents, for the moral and financial support they have accorded me while preparing this paper. God bless them all. Acknowledgements I thank The Almighty God for the sustenance, wisdom and strength he has accorded me to undertake this project.Secondly, I thank my family and friends for their love and moral support throughout the period of my studies. I would like to sincerely appreciate the work of my supervisor without whose guidance and incisive comments I would not have undertaken this project successfully. I also wish to thank the entire fraternity of the Mom University staff who were supportive through the entire fraternity of the school uniform limited . To all of you ,thank you and God bless you.Abstract This research paper identifies the available tourist attraction facilities within the Moisakos County in Kenya. This is to address how the locals participate directly or can participate in the entrepreneurship either by providing accommodation and there attractions to either local or international tourists. This focus study in Moisakos County tries to find out the best way of re -imaging of rural areas features and activities to make them tourist attractive, and to relate rural tourism with social cultural and economic elements of rural areas.The area is not well imaged, commodities and packaged to tap the rural tourism potential of the area, despite the current county government trying to revivalist declining areas and ensure their possibilities of achieving a sustainable future; much still needs to be done. In the IANAL analysis, the identification of character as being significant for place is of critical importance for rural areas and the notion of reality. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY 1. 1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the background that would enable an in depth analysis of the phenomena.It also highlights the main objectives that further interrogate the underlying assumptions while guiding the study. 1. 2 Background of the Study People go to places for different reasons: Temporary change of location, relaxation, recreation, getting acquainted with traditions and spending the leisure time. Nowadays, rural tourism has turned into a leading economic activity and studies show a positive relationship between developing rural tourism and an increase in income. It can be a suitable way to enhance economic advantage and employment.Considering the potentials for rural tourism, Moisakos County can act to enhance its economy and rural economy as well. Today, the importance of tourism and the necessity of conducting research on it because of significant economic, and social, and cultural roles that it can play is known for everyone. It had turned into one of the most important factors to create lath, Job, dynamism, moving people, and national assets . Len any country, the entrance of tourist corresponds with income enhancement and economic.At this purpose, rural tourism must be considered like a complex plurality of multi – faced activities, contributing both to growth of other activities in rural areas and to improvement of life quality for local inhabitants, all this as part of an effective rural development integrated system. With downturns in rural economies over the last three decades, it is perhaps understandable that governments have given a great deal of attention to the economic benefits of tourism, particularly for rural areas attempting to keep pace and adapt to the vigorous globalizes economy.As Teller (2002) suggested, growing numbers of city-dwellers are getting away from it all in the countryside. One of the advantages of rural tourism is that it is based on local; initiatives, local management, has local spin -offs, is rooted in local scenery and it taps into local culture. In theory, the emphasis on the local can help to generate regional development. According to Sharply and Sharply (1997), rural tourism is increasingly being used for socio – economic regeneration and diversification.While the definition of rural varies in different countries, Sharply and Sharply (1997: 20) further describe rural as all areas ‘both land and water, that lie beyond towns and cities which, in national and regional contexts, may be described as major urban centers'. For tourism to be described as rural tourism then it should mirror the characteristics that signify a rural area including small settlements, low population densities, agrarian -based economies and traditional societies. Lane (1994) details the difficulty in attempting to create a definition of rural tourism as not all tourism in rural areas is strictly rural.Rural tourism extends beyond farm -based tourism to include: Special-interest nature holidays and customers, walking, climbing and riding holidays, adventure, sport and health tourism, hunting and angling, educational travel, arts and heritage tourism, and in some areas, ethnic tourism. (Lane, 1994:9) 1. 3 Statement of the Problem Against this background, it is at this point that useful reference may be made to the experience in Kenya on the ground that an understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities of rural tourism development issues in a different cultural and institutional context can add new perspective on common concerns.The Government of Moisakos through the its devolved Ministry of Tourism and the central government's Kenya Tourist Board are working round the clock to develop the city in order to make it an international and domestic tourist destination. Greater strides have been already made with the bus station being decorated and artificia l flower gardens placed in strategic places e. G. Mustang Junction. A greater part of Moisakos County is made up of rural areas, considering this; it means that most of the tourist activities and features that this region can offer are based in the rural areas within the county. 1. 4 Objectives of the Study . . 1 General Objectives The purpose of the study was to establish factors enhancing tourism on the local area . Moisakos County was our case study. 1. 4. 2 Specific Objectives The purposes of the study with a higher importance are as follows: a) Recognizing the inputs and the support the county government can offer for the growth of rural tourism in Moisakos County. B) The tourists' familiarity with tourist attractions in Moisakos County c) Training individuals for giving service to rural tourism in Moisakos county d) Preparing individuals for establishing and managing rural small industries in Moisakos county using technology. 5 Research Questions The following questions will g uide the study a) How does the government of Moisakos county involvement help in rural tourism growth? B) How does culture affect rural tourism? C) How do training rural dwellers support and respond to changes induced by tourism? D) What is the effect of technology on growth of rural tourism? 1. 6. Justification of the Study The most important purpose of tourism development is economic and social development of the tourism areas.Although a minor part of tourism includes rural tourism and plays an important role in economics of rural areas of developed Mounties, but other advantages and even received harms through these activities in rural areas should not be neglected. As some benefits may be obtained from tourist development, its inappropriate development will bring about losses and negative effects. Nevertheless, the level of these effects would be changed proportionate to different factors such as importance of local tourism industry, potentials of tourists and their activities, consolidation of local environment and authority of local cultures and customs.Certainly, tourism development would not be met unless some expenses are being considered for it and in line with this purpose the village's environment may be put at risk. Moisakos County has a diversity of rural residential areas and tourist attraction sites, and the most attractive sites which enjoy a higher potential for tourism enter this study. Here we have conducted field and library research using two types of questionnaires distributed to rural residents and organizations responsible for tourism. 1. 7. Limitation of the Study 1. 7. Accessibility to Information Accessibility to information and premises was thought would be challenging but the duty will attempt to make some formal request from the relevant authority to enable effective facilitation of the study. 1. 7. 2 Confidentiality Confidentiality issues in work place are thought would pose a daunting challenge but an attempt will be made in ea rnest to mitigate these issues. 1. 7. Study area The study will be confined to the Moisakos County rural and the focus will be in assessing the factors enhancing rural tourism on the local areas.The study will be carried out during the months of June and July 2014. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Introduction This section reviews literature related to the current study. This chapter comprises the review of past studies, critical review and the summary. 2. 2 Review of Theoretical Literature The motivation behind most villages is to escape limitations and the urban routine life and the regulations opposite to the free will and voluntary entertainment.Nevertheless, organizing the tourists is a crucial part in the procedures of rural tourism management (Tag, 2004). Rural tourism is tourism, which is directly and positively linked to the economic, social, cultural and natural resource in the rural region in which it takes place. It seeks to make optimal use of these resources. It is c lassically a perspective or an approach to tourism development, which is sensitive to the nature of local resources, traditions and opportunities, for sharing in the benefits of tourism development.Operationally, it is characterized by a number of concepts, which reflect adherence to certain guiding procedures and processes Judged to be desirable for the development of tourism in rural areas. These are outlined below, and in the case of each, key findings from the study are reported: 2. 2. 1 . Destination profiling and promotion Tourism in the rural is mainly small-scale and centered on the special interest markets. It is heavily dependent on its extensive inland waterways, in particular its lakes, rivers and canals, attracting those seeking water-based activity, more especially angling and inland cruising.In general tourism terms, the region does not hold a definite tourism image that distinguishes nor differentiates it from other similar regions, resulting in a mixed and confused tourism image. Such mixed images are evident among tourists themselves. Prior to visiting, they perceive the region as being an out of the way place, a nothing to do place; lacking in spectacular scenery but, that it has an excellent road infrastructure which routes hem to other destinations like Tsars.Though some businesses and agencies are firmly built on place-specific resources, their use of images and imagery in their promotional and marketing activity is perceived as weak. The use of imagery in promotion is characteristic of the tourism industry in that the tangible nature of regions such as the Sawmill product means that potential customers place greater importance on the image being portrayed in order to inform their purchasing decision.This study suggests that the lack of such an image may be attributed to the fact that he Moisakos County has no clear status as a tourism destination, rendering it difficult to have a tourism image associated with it. The associated rural are as of Moisakos counties are also linked with witchcraft a phenomenon perceived by respondents to be the ‘poor relation' within the regional tourism structure. For effective tourism development to occur there is a real need for the region to expand its tourism image beyond the Sawmill alone, and to develop the other resource images such as cultural and human, which are readily available.Distinct regional imagery can add to the differentiation of the regional quality products and revives, and there is scope in the study to link its defined characteristics with customers' perceptions and values. 2. 2. 2. Appropriate scale Moisakos County Draft envisages tourism development to be appropriate to issues of congestion, carrying capacity and seasonality. For tourism in rural areas to be effectively ‘integrated', it must be organized at an appropriate scale, and lean more towards ‘soft', rather than ‘hard' tourism.Compared to its spatial extent and variety of resource s, the volume of tourism to the study is relatively low. The season is short, although some events/activities take place throughout the year. Some local areas have a comparatively high influx of visitors at certain times, placing constraints on catering services, creating traffic congestion, as well as limited parking space. But even then, the scale of tourism activity is not such as to raise serious problems about reaching the limits of ‘absorption capacity – physically, culturally or socially.The range of tourism activities, attractions and services offered does not entice many non-specialist or general type of visitor to the region; general visitors interviewed expressed dissatisfaction with what was on offer by the way of family-focused activities, local transport, choice of food outlets, and the range of package holidays available. What the region needs is more tourists as well as a tourism infrastructure that will meet their needs, such as an improved range of acc ommodation, information, and improved choice of attractions and activities.Tourism development is well within its carrying capacity for resource based tourism. 2. 2. 3. Local control and retention of benefits Moisakos County draft is based on the desirability for local interests to have a strong influence on decision-making and that tourism benefits remain within the local immunity. In our study, a considerable share of tourism development action is instigated locally, but it is noticeable that the interest levels among actors to participate in the tourism decision-making process is low. Most of them see their role in tourism as minimal and unimportant.At the community level difficulties in; accessing capital; feeling isolated from centralized organizations; disaffected by the bureaucratic procedures, as well as the perception that some national agencies, intentionally or otherwise, pay greater attention to the main tourism destinations, are rowing and have led to a feeling of commu nities being ad's-empowered over resource use in their region. Indirect and direct development agencies operating in the region are extensions of state or semi-state bodies and, as such, are exogenous.The policy of the various county led tourism agencies involved in training, marketing and accommodation approval is determined at the county level, in â€Å"Matura's† interest. However, county tourism policy implementation has implications at the local level. The key policy decisions still tend to be taken at county level, which respondents felt further educes their influence in the rural. Core tourism institutions, which operate outside the region, are not built around the specific circumstances.There is also a degree of concern about the influx of outside capital and enterprise in some of the newer types of development, such as self-catering accommodation and cruise hire company ownership. 2. 2. 4. Resource complementarily and cross use Tourism essentially happens if it Joins forces with some other resource, thus depending on partnership to some degree. The concept of complementarily and cross use includes a number of ideas: complementarily between tourism provision ND provision for the indigenous population; linkages between agency programmer, and between tourism and the resources within a place.Resources can include human, social, natural, cultural and economic, through strategic packaging and marketing of ‘linked-up' local products. There are good examples of multiple and compatible resource use in the rural areas. The study points to the fact that complementarily and cross use is not being fully embraced among stakeholders in the region, and tends to be an informal, task-oriented, once- off effort. Many stakeholders do not consciously give practical effect to achieving implementation in their resource use activities.This may be attributed to their not seeing their role as primarily serving tourism. Other obstacles to complementarily may include the lack of strategic vision for developing the region and lack of complementarily among development activities such as housing, physical planning and infra-structural development. 2. 2. 5. Sustainability Potential to increase tourist numbers in certain areas and during low tourist periods was acknowledged. However, the type of tourism development was considered important in determining tourism impact on communities' everyday lives.It was felt over, that the natural resources are being harnessed in a sustainable manner, and thus far have not been affected negatively by tourism. There is concern regarding farming and industry practices, which have shown some minor environmental impacts, and which in turn could impact on the long-term viability of water-based tourism. Further, these environmental impacts may at the same time have a negative influence on the social and recreational life of host communities.Economically, the consensus prevails that tourism is not a viable option in the region unless serious support from the tourism agencies is provided, especially in regard to calculating effective collective action, product development and up-killing for tourism. Coupled with this is the region's attraction for the independent, older tourist, with limited purchasing power, rendering its tourism economically vulnerable? Its short tourism season has stifled commitment to businesses and tourists, and presents a real insecurity to those working in, and dependent on tourism.Most providers, for example are holding down a second Job, with their tourism business operating on a seasonal basis. In the more remote areas, much of the tourism initiatives have depended on laundry effort within local communities. While volunteerism is an important contributor to locally based tourism, respondents believe that it alone cannot not sustain tourism initiatives in the long term. To counter such decline, integrated tourism development encourages tourism product and service diversifi cation.In the rural areas, tourism can be enhanced with further development focusing on the organic sector, the arts and cultural sector, underpinned by an improved range of tourism accommodation and food outlets. 2. 2. 6. Quality The pursuit of quality in all aspects of the rural tourism place, product and service is armament, and increasingly quality has become a major interest among providers in a growing competitive tourism sector. It is also an important determinant of consumers' choice.In the Rural areas, while a high satisfaction rate prevails among tourists, they were critical in some respects. The quality, range and choice of tourism activities and services in the region were questioned and concern was raised as to its ability to remain sustainable or to compete with similar tourism destinations in Kenya. Non-specialist tourists in particular expressed dissatisfaction with the range of attractions and services available to tourists in the rural areas of Moisakos County.Sign ificant improvements were needed: greater opportunity for family focused recreation activities; improved bus and rail access; ease of access to walking trails; wider choice of food outlets and tourism accommodation and an improved range of package-holidays offered. Several other improvements included more provision of public amenities, parking areas, public toilets, lighting, litter control, security and tourist safety. These were seen as the responsibility of the relevant county government agencies, local

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Mickve Israel - Research Paper Example The architect of the building also reflects the desire of the Jewish community to come up with a building that look like the existing churches of the city and provide a worthy and prominent existence to the Jews in America. The site for the building was also selected keeping in view this desire. The design of the congregation is appropriate for its prominent Monterey Square location. The design of the building stands alongside the Savannah churched without standing out as different structure. During the American revolutionary war, the formal prayer services were suspended at the congregation however, in 1786, it was formally recognized as K.K. Mickvah Israel and special space was allocated and rented to be used as synagogue and many worshipers were attracted to this place. In 1790, the charter for the Parnas and Adjustas of Michve Israel was authorized by the governor of Georgia and the congregation is still in operation under the same charter. In 1793, there were some financial problems faced by the congregation due to which it gave up its leased space and the services began to hold at the homes of the members of the congregation. However, the formal structure of the congregation was maintained and the officers were also elected as usual. The congregation also has the honour of standing as the first Jewish community centre that received the letter from the U.S. president after which the congregation president also sent letter to the U.S President George Washington congratulating him on his election as first President of the United States. The construction of the building for the synagogue was stated in 1818 when the city of Savannah granted a plot of land to the congregation. A small wooden building was built at the northeast corner of Liberty Street. The building was completed in 1820 as the first synagogue to be established in Georgia. In 1829, the building was destroyed by the fire and

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Negligent training - Essay Example and drink arrangement and administration; establishing essential building efforts to establish safety; and making moves to maintain a strategic distance from a rehash of past mishaps by your employs through training them. A standout amongst the most well-known types of mischance at cordiality venues is a slip-and-fall mishap. The recurrence is so extraordinary; this expression is currently a typical legitimate term. Basic reasons for these mishaps incorporate covers not appropriately secured to the floor, electrical lines laid crosswise over floors, wet floors created by spilling roofs or janitorial work, protests or fluids on stairs, and hand railings that fizzle. In the event that you have an exchange show or gatherings where exhibitors or speakers use electronic presentation gear, oblige them to utilize your electrical ropes and demand that your staff introduce them to guarantee they are legitimately laid, taped and secured. A protection safeguard lawyer or your protection bearer ought to have the capacity to provide for you a rundown of slip-and-fall insurances your office can take. Proper instructions and training can prevent this otherwise you can’t stop this. (Ashe, S. (n.d.). Types of Negligence in the Hospitality Industry) There are many steps to reduce negligent training like improving management communication as all administrators will continually and reliably show the adequate behavior, as expressed in the approaches, in their own particular conduct and by taking part in consistent, continuous preparing for all representatives to make economical behavioral change that is in arrangement with organization arrangements and techniques. Other step can be creating a healthy environment for employs to learn like administrators must figure out how to manufacture trust and admiration among their representatives so workers trust it is protected to approach administration without alarm of responses and report episodes where representative behavior

Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Policy - Essay Example I believe that I can cause change since my contribution to the greater cause might influence other people to join and fight for the cause. Through activism, an individual will feel empowered to contribute in doing something to change the situation for the better, which is likely to lead to the realization of some of the changes needed. The citizenry, media, as well as nurses are responsible for advocacy, lobbying, and activism since they are in a position to explore some of the best ways that can shape policies that target them. For the citizens that require improved health care, they can be able to lobby for their cause through a number of channels that might be inclusive of representations to the policy makers or through political figures (Ensign, 2012). This might also be the case for the nurses. Nurses should be involved in politics for a number of reasons. Some of the reasons include the fact that nurses have the knowledge of advocacy at the level of the individual patient, and for this reason, they are in a better position to defend the image of their patients (Dolliinger, 2013). On the other hand, since nurses work within the socio-political sphere of health, they aware of public policies that affect the health sector, which indicates that they are in a good position to advocate for the implementation of good policy provisions (Ensign,

Milgram Study findings and importance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Milgram Study findings and importance - Essay Example Milgram experiment involved three main characters, namely the experimenter (E), the subject or the teacher (T) and the learner (L). The experimenter (authority) and the recipient or the learner plays some secret roles, not to be known by the subject. The subject is made to believe that for every wrong answer the recipient is subjected to some electric shock, however, in reality; the learner was never subjected to such punishments. The learner who should be an actor plays some pre-corded sound to convince the subject that he/ she actually receives the electric shock. The teacher and learner are put in two separate rooms where they do not see each other, but can communicate to each other. The teacher is provided with some words to teach the learner. The teacher was made to read the initial pair of words then enables the learner to predict the possible match, the teacher also reads for possible answers; then the learner gave his/ her feedback by pressing a certain button to select the correct answer. The teacher would then execute some electric shock to the learner, for every wrong feedback, the shock increased by about 15 volts as the test progressed. However, could the learner give the correct answer, the subject moved to the next question (Walton, 2009). The learner could complain about the heart condition to convince the subject that he/she is receiving an actual electric shock. Furthermore, he banged the wall as a response to the shock stimuli. A subject was expected to stop the test after subjecting about 140 volts to the learner. It was at t his juncture that the subject would actually inquire what the experiment was about. Some subjects offered to continue with the test only after assurance that they would not be held accountable for all the damages on the learner, some laughed it off while some were stressed or depressed on learning that the learner is actually hurt. At some point, the subject wished to stop out of moral belief that the learner was in actual pain, but the experimenter or the authority would order him/her to continue. However, the experiment was stopped should the subject make four or five successive attempts to stop or after subjecting 450 volts of electric shock to the learner, on three successive operations. The experimenter would always assure the subject that the learner would not suffer any permanent tissues damage; hence he was to continue until the learner learnt all the words. To ascertain the result of the experiment, Milgram selected about 100 senior psychology students to determine the response among the 100 subjects or hypothetical teachers. It was found that only three su bjects out of the hundred would continue with the experiment, until the maximum voltage of 450volts was executed to the learner (Moore, 2004). Milgram also selected about forty psychiatrists who ascertained that majority of subjects would quit the test after subjecting the learner to a ten successive shock executions. They also found out that after reaching 300 volts, most subjects would stop the test once requested by the learners, and only three out of the hundred subjects would continue with the test even after the learner stopped responding to the questions, out of the pain from electric shock. It was clear the very few subjects were willing to execute full voltage to the learner, out of moral beliefs. Furthermore, at some point majority of subjects inquired the implication of the experiment, and were willing to give back the amount they were paid. This was out of pity or remorse to the inflicted learners. Subjects demonstrated some degree of stress and depression during the exp erimental session. The majority was sweating, groaning, biting their lips

Jacksonian Age religious commotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jacksonian Age religious commotion - Essay Example For a long time, the government controlled every activity that the church was doing (Sellers 2006). The separation between the church and the state caused a commotion in the religion. Divisions in the church were evident, where each denomination claimed to have power than the other. The main denominations according to the ranking of the majority were Methodist, Presbyterians and the Baptists. It was due to this margin among the religious institution that caused changes in the church. This commotion gave birth to revivalism which was highly welcomed by the Americans. Long before these changes, the Americans used to be attracted by secular meeting organized through camps to gain a social touch, but with the emergence of revival meetings, they diverged their lifestyle to concentrate on revivals (Sellers 2006). Salvation was evident in such meetings, having faith was also encouraged, and as a result, many people gave their lives to God. Each denomination could formulate ways to mak e their revivals unique. For instance, the Baptists came up with the idea of baptism. They argued that, it was vital for the fulfillment of conversion experience (Sellers 2006). Those who were baptized, were convinced of having gained eternal life, hence as a way of maintaining it, they became so loyal to the church. The church at one point started deteriorating in terms of fame in the country. This was due to some actions that were happening in the church which did not make people happy. Business-minded revivalists emerged, using revivals as a source of income. Though giving was a requirement, in the church, American citizens wondered how they could make themselves rich. People who conducted the revivals could not maintain their purity. They were involved in the dirty acts of immorality. Traditional religion The traditional religion in the United States was not forgotten. A good number of Americans believed in things like dreams, fortune tellers, ghosts and

Calorie Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Calorie Management - Coursework Example he input variable, Y, is obtained from calorific calculator and is known to be affected by age, gender, body activities, weight as well as height of the person (Klingensmith & American Diabetes Association, 2003). The final step involves making a comparison based on the analysed data from the two input caloric. The comparison will present two important cases: 2. Where the value of X variable exceeds the value of Y, then we should compute other explanatory variables M, N and O. Where: M= X-Y, N=M/K and O=N, and K is a constant figure valued at 3500. M, therefore, explains a case where more calories are taken in than expended while N-pounds or O-ounces might have been gained. 3. Where the value of Y variable is greater than X, we again compute M, N and O to act as our explanatory variables. With this regards, M=Y-N, N=M/K while O=N. M=Y-X means that the individual expand more calories than he/she consumes where N-pounds and O-ounces might have been lost. All the data and information on that particular individual is then stored in the computer memory to help monitor the person’s health standards in a given

Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirellis film Essay Example for Free

Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirellis film Essay Having watched two different film adaptations of Romeo and Juliet, it is clear to see that the two directors have used a number of different techniques, quite differently at times, to put across their particular interpretations of the play. These methods and different interpretations are very obvious if one studies the same scene as portrayed in each film. We looked at Franco Zeffirellis 1970s version of the play and Baz Luhrmanns recent adaptation produced in 1996 and focused on their interpretation of the scene where Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time. The first thing I noticed is that costume is very important in Zeffirellis scene. Juliet, played by Olivia Hussey, is wearing a traditional styled red and gold dress, which highlights wealth. It is not as detailed as most at the party which points to the fact that it is not just material wealth she has but also the huge amount of natural beauty she has. The bright red contrasts with her pale complexion and jet-black hair to make her look very striking. Romeos outfit is also very noticeable as he is wearing a mask. It adds to the air of mystery around him as Juliet meets him for the first time. It also helps to make a point about the nature of their attraction: when she first sees him, Juliet sees only Romeos eyes, yet is still drawn to him. Therefore, here there is something more than physical attraction. Instead, it seems to be a communion of souls since eyes are often considered to be the windows to this part of ourselves. The choreography of the scene also reveals something about Romeos feelings towards Juliet. His attention is fixed upon a lady which we assume to be Rosaline who is dancing and then twirls out of shot to reveal Juliet to R0meo. It is here that he proclaims he has never seen true beauty until now. It is showing to us that although Romeo thought he was in love with Rosaline, it is nothing compared to his feelings for Juliet. When the chance arises for Romeo to join Juliet in a dance, he dismisses other ladies for the opportunity to dance with Juliet. As the dancing gets faster, long shots are used to show the amount of people present at the party. The dancing changes and people begin to spin around in a circle; the camera shots change, letting people flow past the camera at a very high speed. It looks like flashes of colour flying through the shot; no faces can be seen  clearly. The fast dancing reflects the sheer excitement that they are feeling, that they are so in love that it is truly exhilarating. It is here that Franco Zeffirelli shows how love at first sight really can be true as amongst the chaos and frivolity of colour, the camera jump cuts to Romeo to the party of moving colour and to Juliet. He has done this to show how amongst the chaos of their feuding families, they have their own world where no one else matters except each other. When the bard starts to sing, Romeo and Juliet speak for the first time. As they do, the words being sung in the background have a large resemblance to their lives. It tells of their willingness to be together but their struggle to make it possible as they are torn apart by their feuding families. As the choreography reflects the emotions of the characters, the score that plays in the Zeffirelli film reflects their emotions again as when Romeo sees Juliet, he sees her beauty and the score changes to a softer, more gentle tune. Franco Zeffirelli contrasts Romeo and Juliet when they are together with the music. It changes from loud, frantic music to gentle, heavenly tunes, the score changes to a minor key as she is not sure about him and then surges as they kiss. In the play, Shakespeare also juxtaposes scenes that are chaotic with very calm peaceful ones. As I have said, the score changes as Juliet and Romeo are together and in the play, Shakespeare shows their love by constantly comparing scenes with them in to scenes with fighting, frantic happenings and chaos. In Baz Luhrmanns film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, the scene I have studied begins with Romeo played by Leonardo Di Caprio with his face submerged in water, washing his face, which clears his mind of drugs and he sees Juliet in a clearer light. The lovers first meeting is a sequence where each is on either side of a lavish fish tank. The lighting used is a pale blue, making it seem slightly surreal, almost dream like. As Romeo and Juliet playfully look at each other through the tank, camera shots cleverly portray their meeting to look like they are together inside the tank. In this scene, camera distances vary from medium close-shots to close-ups and  back again, their eyes are depicted throughout, as the camera shots change, it portrays them watching each other, discovering each other every feature, every move. The idea of social and physical barriers is presented by having the fish tank between the two of them, keeping them apart thus visualizing to the audience the other aspect of Romeo and Juliets love. The fish tank serves as a physical barrier between the two lovers, even though there are also a lot of emotional barriers. Even though Romeo is dazed from the ecstasy pill and his infatuation with Rosaline, it is the water that purifies and cleanses his mind and it the free, flowing nature of water that Luhrmann uses as a representation of love. When the two lovers kiss in the lift, the cameras encircle them, thus suggesting that Romeo and Juliet are at the centre of their own universe, in total disregard or lack of awareness of the social chaos as suggested by the blurred images around them. The way in which the imagery of water is used to symbolise their own world, camera shots, lighting and music also add to the depth of their love. The beautiful melody of Kissing You marks the initial meeting of Romeo and Juliet, and Desrees deep, soulful voice glides gently through the house as the strangers playfully observe each other through the fish tank. The score is a brave and eclectic mix of atmospheric music from Radioheads Talk Show Host to Wagners Liebstod. The emphasis is on music that is emotive and suitable for a particular scene rather than creating a soundtrack rooted in one genre as in the Zeffirelli adaptation. The Capulet Ball is one of the most outstanding sequences in the movie. The decorations are spectacular, and the costumes are magnificent. However, the party is not all just glitz and glamour. Upon closer investigation, we can see that it is also a perfect opportunity for Luhrmann to accentuate the individual motivations of the characters with clever use of costumes. Romeo is the knight in shining armour who has been sent to rescue Juliet, and Juliet is a bright angel, innocent and pure, who has been sent to relieve Romeos confusion and despair. Luhrmann supplements this image by showing Romeo and Juliet as innocent, beautiful and youthful. This is achieved by the continuous focus of the cameras on the freshness of their skin, their  sparkling eyes, flushed cheeks and pink lips in addition to the words of Shakespeare. In conclusion, these two films, although based upon the same play, come across very differently. The fact that Franco Zeffirelli has set his in the time Shakespeare intended it to and Baz Luhrmann has set his in 20th century Verona beach, Florida has a considerable amount to do with these differences. It is interesting to see that both directors have used the concept of the young couple existing in their own world, although both of them use different techniques to present this, their outcome is visualised to the viewer the same. Baz Luhrmann has had certain advantages to his film as he had technology to help him portray the initial meaning in a more dream like manner with the help of special lighting and specific camera shots. Also, this adaptation was a major Hollywood blockbuster with millions of dollars to be spent on it. Whereas, 40 years ago, I imagine that Franco Zeffirelli would have had to deal with a budget and obviously, did not have the technology to portray special effect s and sounds.

Responsive Relationships In Inclusive Relationships Children And Young People Essay

Responsive Relationships In Inclusive Relationships Children And Young People Essay The purpose of this assignment is to give an observation of an inclusive environment that helps children feel welcome and safe. At the same time this assignment gives an opinion on how to improve the child care settings to help children feel more comfortable. The children at the child care centre are three and three and a half years old and it may be hard for children to leave their parents at that age. The setting helps the children feel at home when they come in to the child care centre. In the child care centre there are six areas where the children have the opportunity to play in, such as the block area where all the childrens toys are. The areas have different materials that are available for the children to use in order to develop and introduce the children to different experiences such as in the book area. There are books that have pictures of different animals and this will help the children identify different animals and even spark their interest later on in the day. Schedule Is there outdoor time schedule (or gym time for bad weather?) In the child care centre, the schedule reflects each childs needs. The children are restless and they need the time to have fresh air and physical activity. For example, the children have outdoor play twice a day and gym time when the weather is not suitable. The children have at least 2 hours of outdoor play in a day. There is a playground for the children where they can go on the slides, play in the sandbox and there are toys to play with outside. In the gym, there are scooters, mini cars and a smaller playground to play in. The gym has many materials for the children to choose from if they do not want to play with the scooters or the mini cars. There are other options for the children to choose from such as costumes and baby dolls with strollers. Is the schedule explained in enough detail that you can understand what children are expected to do during this time period? Schedules are typically posted so that children, families and volunteers can anticipate the next event. For younger children the schedule is often displayed in picture form (P.55) In the child care centre, there are two schedules in the classroom. The schedule provided for the adults gives specific times such as when it is time for the children to play, eat lunch, snack and go to the washroom. For the children, the schedule is placed at eye level where they can see and it will show the time for their play, snack and lunch but with pictures for the children to understand the schedule. 1b. Describe any changes, suggestions you would recommend to make the schedule in the environment meet the criteria in the environmental assessment tool. Bullard (2011), states that Children should not be required to lie on their mats for long periods of time (more than half an hour) when they are not asleep (p. 63). During rest time, some children are unable to sleep for a longer than thirty minutes. In my placement, some children move from their mats, or play with their blankets. To improve this transition I would have the children who are unable to sleep get together and go to the gym and play until they are tired, so that when they come back to the classroom the children are more likely to fall asleep. Transitions Are children given advance notice that an activity is changing? Giving a warning demonstrates that we have respect for children and their work. The time between the warning and the transition allows children to bring closure to the task they are engaged in and to begin planning for the next event (Bullard 2010 P.61). After the morning snack, the children are playing in the block area for at least an hour, before recall. This is from 8:30 to 9:30, before 9:30 the teacher will say Okay, guys, five more minutes. When the five minutes past the teacher will look at the clock and tell the children, okay, everyone, two more minutes. This gives the children an advance notice for the children so they do not feel rushed when the clock shows 9:30. When play time is over the children are more likely to clean up their material and wait for the next event on the schedule. 2b) Describe any changes, suggestions you would recommend to the transitions to meet the criteria in the environmental assessment tool. In addition to wasting valuable time and increasing the likelihood of behaviour problems, requiring children to wait with nothing to do is disrespectful (Bullard 2010 P. 60). In my placement, lunch time has the most waiting time. Sometimes the children will misbehave because they have nothing to do while lunch is being served. The recommendation I would make in order to make this transition easier for the children and the teacher is singing a song as this will help take their minds off of waiting for their food to arrive and singing is one the best way to keep a child entertained. A) Block Area B) In the block area there are many materials used by the children every day. The materials vary from dolls, building blocks and construction tools. The learning experiences in the block area help children express how they feel using the materials in front of them. For example, when a child is expressing that they are sad, they might isolate themselves and use the dolls to take their minds off of what they were upset about. The block area also encourages children to cooperate and learn how to share because of the amount of toys that are available in the learning centre. C) Are there materials that reflect the lives of children with disabilities? Yes, in the child care centre the block area has dolls with many disabilities to give children exposure to people with special needs. They have dolls from all different backgrounds that have disabilities such as a child in a wheelchair or an elderly person holding a cane. This helps children learn that people can be different and includes every child in the classroom. In my placement there is a child who has a mental disability that is unable to move and he is bound to a wheelchair. Having these dolls in the classroom help include him and show the children that he is not different from the other children. Are the shelves labeled so that children can easily find items and know where to put them away? Appropriate storage can help reduce clutter, saves time and make materials accessible, enhance the rotation of toys and equipment, and maximize the use of resource (Bullard, 2010 P. 99). Yes, in the child care centre the block area has many shelves that are labeled with words and pictures. This will help the children organize where they should put the material when it is time to transition to a new event. The shelves are child accessible that they are at their level to reach for the materials and it is very organized so that each child can find what they want without any assistance. D) In the block area, I feel that the spacing is not inclusive for all children. There is little space for a child in a wheelchair to be included within the block area with the other children. This is not responsive or inclusive because the child with special needs is left out from the activities that the children are participating in. This can cause a problem when he wants to be able to see the other children play. Also the parents and teachers are unable to move in the block area because of the amount of children playing and the toys in the room. This is difficult for when the parents want to be involved with the childs play. E) The recommendation I would make in order for the block area to be more inclusive is to arrange the room for more space to include staff and parents. In my placement, I noticed that the amount of children and toys that are placed in the block area does not give a lot of room for the teachers to move around or parents to see what their child is doing. If there was more space, there would be more room for children, parents and staff to be side by side and interact with each other. Another reason more room is important is because the child who is in the wheelchair is unable to join the children in the block area due to lack of space. If they expand the block area the child would be able to be included in the activities with the other children. I would push the shelves back more to give space for all the children and give room for the child with the disability to be able to move inside the block area. F) Is the environment homelike? The environment in the block area is somewhat homelike because there are pictures of the families of each child on the wall and there are living things such as plants. The child care centre provides the pictures for the children so that when they miss their parents they are able to look at the pictures in the block area. The child care centre also allows the children to grow their own plants at the centre. This teaches the children about growing plants and gives the environment a homelike feel. Are there pale and neutral colours used for most walls and shelving? Yes, the walls in the centre are painted white and the shelves are a natural wood colour. This is important because bright colours cause too much stimulation, especially when the toys and the pictures on the wall should be the main attraction. Neutral colours allow the emphasis to be on the toys and materials in the classroom. G) In part F), I mentioned that the environment of the block area is somewhat homelike in the child care centre. This is because there is no space for the children to find a quiet spot for their own purposes. According to Bullard (2010), Solidary retreats provide children the opportunity to think and dream, engage in uninterrupted concentration, regain control of emotion and unwind after intense periods of interaction. (P. 92). I would have a space outside of the block area for the child if he/ she wants to be alone, then they can leave the block area and sit in the space so that they are able to find their peace of mind. Conclusion The environment of the child care centre is homelike for children and helps the children feel comfortable in the room. The transitions between play time and recall help each child get used to the schedule. The teacher is there to assist the children through the transition through early warnings so that the children do not feel rushed when they have to clean up their materials. From my observation, the block area in the child care centre was inclusive. However, there are some recommendations that should be addressed in order to help each child feel more included and reducing the waiting time when transitioning to a new event. The recommendations I made were that they should sing songs during lunch time, expand the block area more to include a child with special needs and find a space for each child in the centre to be alone if they want to. All in all, the centres environment has met with each childs needs in terms of helping them transition from different activities and make them fee l comfortable in the classroom.

The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay

The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay With elements like wars, assassinations, and murders, violence takes up a significant part of Macbeth. At the early stage of Macbeth, the audience is presented a battlefield scene where a bloody massager appears. Echoing such a violent and bloody image, the play ends with Macbeth being killed. Although karma is an Indian belief, lines like This even-handed justice / Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice / to our own lips (Macbeth I.vii.10) reveal traits of karma in the Scottish play.  [1]  Karma means that all actions have consequences which will affect the doers of the actions at some future time (Reichenbach 399). In this essay, I will argue that violence is not merely actions performed by the characters but the skeleton of plot and theme. For the sake of a clear analysis, I will first outline the concept of karma and karma of violence in Macbeth. Then I will conclude that the karmic effect of violence drives the development of plot and reflects moral judgement. As suggested by Rajendra Prasad, the law of karma should be viewed as a retributive theory of morality (qtd. in Keown 331). Reichenbach also noted that 1.Morally accountable actions which are done out of desire for their fruits are subjected to karma; 2.Some karmic effects are manifested at once or in this life, some in the next life; 3.Karmic effect of actions can be accumulated (qtd. in Keown 335). In this essay, Keowns idea on karma is taken; the relationship between karma and intention is indisputable; volitional action alone can result in karma; sinning in ones heart without physical performance is possible that same act may have different karma for different people (Keown 336). Rebirth and karma beyond characters portrayed lives will not be discussed here. Violence is not only a part of the play, but its skeleton. Karma, as stated, is accumulative and is resulted from moral and physical actions. In Macbeth, violence, with its karmic effect, breeds violence. In Act one, Macbeth is reported about cutting Macdonwald open, unseame[s] him from the nave to th chops, / [a]nd fixe[s] his head upon battlements (I.ii.22-3)and is [n]othing afeard of what [himself] didst make, / [s]trange images of death (I.iii.97-8). This suggests his violent nature and his capacity of bloody deeds in the future. Such a valiant and worthy achievement (I.ii.24), as a result, won him the title of Thane of Cawdor. It was then the realization of prophecy bred his ambition whose murder yet is but fantastical (I.iii.139). The word fantastical echoes with Banquos address to the witches I the name of truth, / Are ye fantastical or that indeed / which outwardly ye show?(I.iii.54-5), drawing parallel between the witches and Macbeths fantastical thoughts which are not indee d outwardly [he] show[ed] as well. With such murderous thoughts, Macbeth, whose [place] [is] the nearest (I.iv.36) to Duncan betrays his own family blood and country to secure the throne. The karmic effect of this bloody throne is fear; the fear on Banquos issue and Macduffs flee to England prompts him further violence and ultimate self-destruction. His bloody acts make returning were as tedious as go over (III.iv.140-1).Violence, therefore, breeds on-and-on violent deeds till the end of the play. As Macbeth puts it, Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill (III.ii.55), such on-and-on violence increases intensity over time. After violence against Macdonwald, Macbeth killed Duncan in sleep. Sleep, under Shakespeares description, is innocent . . . that knits up the reveled sleeve of care . . . the great natures second course, chief nourisher in lifes feast (II.ii.34-8). The peaceful description of natures gift and Duncans royal position contrast with the murder, highlighting intensified violence. Although he is unsettled by the deed, he soon recovers and exhibits a greater degree of violence. Without consulting his wife, Macbeth readily kills two innocent servants. Compared to the hesitation shown in Duncans murder, he becomes bolder. Violence, as a recurring role, performs an endless loop. Macbeth, with a mind full of scorpions (III.ii.36), then sends out three men in total only to ensure Banquo and Fleances deaths. He becomes determined to take a step further to kill the weaker gender and innocent children in Macduffs family. When Macduff receives the tragic news, he asks about his children repeatedly and all my children?, My children too?, What, all my pretty chickens and their dam / at one fell swoop? (IV.iii.211-8). Such responses reflect that people then perceived the act of killing innocent children as outrageously violent.The climax of on-and-on violence came when Macduff greets the King with Macbeths head, saying Behold, where stands / the usurpers cursed head. (V.viii.54-5), putting an end on the loop of violence in the play. This illustration of the intensifying loop of violence suggests karmic consequences of murderous thoughts. In the analysis of Shakespearean violence, Foakes suggests that the urge to violence is deeply embedded in the human psyche, and creates recurring whatever political formations are dominant (Foakes 16). This viewpoint echoes with this karmic loop of violence. The series of violent acts keeps driving the plot development. The karma begins with Macbeths sinning in [his] heart (Keown 336) with murderous thoughts. Had he stopped at any point of his violent murders, he would not have suffered the deadly karma. Karmic effects of Macbeths repetitive violence, as suggested, accumulated throughout the play, causing the downfall of the soul and self-destruction. The karma of violence, therefore, extends the plot with series of consequences in Macbeth. In Macbeth, karma of violence is not only the consequences of behaviour. It implicitly reflects good morality in violence. Contrasting conventional idea, violence does not necessarily imply bad karma. Traditional Christian belief generally subscribes to the idea of Thou shalt not kill. However, under karma, same act may have different consequences for different people. At the beginning of the play, Duncan ordered the execution of Thane of Cawdor. This act of violence, justified by the traitors betrayal, did not result in a bad karma. Duncan, despite his death, enjoys the peace of mind of which Macbeth is deprived. Although Banquos violent behaviours are not explicitly described, audience can understand that Banquo, as a warrior, is capable of violence. His acts of violence, however, are justified by his selfless patriotism. In the play, Shakespeare uses Banquo as a moral contrast against Macbeth. They are of similar background, official rank and power at the beginning of Macbeth; they both face the tempting prophecy. However, Banquo endeavours to keep [his] bosom franchised and allegiance clear (II.i.26-7) while Macbeth jump[s] the life to come to commit murders (I.vii.7). The fact that Banquo succeeds in upholding morality in the same temptation suggests that Macbeths tragic ending is not a result of fatalism, but karma out of volitional actions. Karma is hugely based on ethical consideration and moral accountability. With moral actions, Banquos family line is blessed with good karma, contrasting Macbeths violence-induced fatal karma. Macduff, who performed the visually bloodiest violence by cutting and displaying Macbeths head, is also exempted from bad karma.  [2]  Since Macbeth has no children of his own, it is unlikely that Macduffs bloody deed would provoke another loop of violence against himself. It is reasonable to suggest that, Macduffs violent action, as a karma on Macbeth, is justified by its good intention of saving Scotland from the tyranny. The above examples of karma contrast against the deadly karma on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In Macbeths case, he performs all the violence based on his desire for power and the fear in securing it. Accordingly, he is subjected to karmic effects, which mostly take the form of internal struggles. Booth concluded that, all three murders towards Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are followed immediately by scenes of suffering and self-tortures (Booth 31). After Duncans murder, every noise appals Macbeth and he hears ominous voices threatening that he could no longer sleep with peace (II.ii.56). Although Macbeth does not show explicit guilt after Banquos death, his sub-conscience tortures him. He is startled by the image of Banquos phantom despite his self-regard as a fearless man. Macbeths soul becomes weary after murdering Macduffs family. He pessimistically believes that [his] way of life / [i]s falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, / [a]nd that which should accompany old age, / [a]s h onor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / [he] must not look to have.(V.iii.22-6). Ironically, Macbeth has traded his soul, friends, honour for a fruitless crown and a lifeless life. He is caught in a tragedy of his own making. In this way, the karma on Macbeth manifests as his internal struggles. Despite sympathy towards Macbeth, Macbeths selfishness, betrayal and violence deserve his own deadly and violent karma. As suggested by the Bible, For the wages of sin is death (Roman 5: 23). Therefore, given his murderous deeds, his death has to be brutally violent for moral justification. Macbeths tragic death implies that Shakespeare has acknowledged the immorality of Macbeths violent deeds. Lady Macbeth, similarly, has to pay a price for pouring [her] spirit in [Macbeths] ear, / [a]nd chastise[s] with the valour of [her] tongue (I.v.24-5) Ribner commented that The relationship between Macbeth and his wife steadily deteriorates . . . . The force of evil severs Macbeth from the rest of humanity; it breaks also the bond which ties him to his wife. He lives more and more closely with his own fears into which she cannot intrude . . . . No longer does he confide in her. (Ribner 164) Considering Lady Macbeths admiration to Macbeth and her devotion to help him get the throne, psychological separation between the couple is unbearable to Lady Macbeth. It is reasonable to deduce that this psychological separation may explain her mental breakdown and loss of masculinity displayed before. The fact that the seemingly evil Lady Macbeth is also subjected to karmic condemnation from her own conscience may signifies her humanness, but more importantly, the deadly karma is to impose moral judgement on her behaviours. Karma of a particular behaviour reflects its moral nature and judgement. In Macbeth, not all violent deeds result in bad karma. Considering the play is set in a political disturbed period in which Scotland was first traumatized by traitors and then Macbeth the Tyrant, violence, to a certain extent, was a norm in that era. The fact that Scotland restores her order through violence against Macbeth suggests that some violence is morally right. These characters who perform violence for morally right reasons can be exempted from bad karma. Karma, in Buddhist belief, is controlled by a Supreme Being. Shakespeare, as a Supreme Being of this play, reflects judgements towards the characters behaviours with different karmas resulted. Karma on violence, therefore, gives the audience some ideas on the morality of violence. Violence is the linking element that drives plot development. It is through the recurring nature of karma that violence in Macbeth trammel[s] up the consequence (I.vii.3) of Macbeths self-destruction. By designing different karmic effects, Shakespeare explores the good and evil of violence. Although sympathy towards human flaws may be valued, it is necessary to have deadly karma for ill-intended murders committed. Violence, therefore, is not merely a part of the plot. It is the driving force of the plot and a subtle exploration on morality of violence.

Concepts of Communication in Parent Child Relationships Essay -- Commu

â€Å"Communication is the key† is a quote that is often repeated. In every single relationship communication is essential. Especially among parents and children. Communication between parent and child has always been important. Today, however, there is an even greater focus, especially in light of all the things children face at school and in everyday life. Without a parent knowing what is going on in the life and mind of their child, it is hard to really understand what they are going through. Communication is the starting point of understanding. Children learn communication from their parents. Communication is not something that can be studied; it is something that people have to learn by doing. As a parent, good communication needs to be emphasized as they are talking and listening to the child. A child can tell when a parent is not really listening to them, and this can create a big problem in the relationship. Children who feel misunderstood or feel like they aren’t being listened to will start to hold their feelings inside. This is the exact opposite of what good communication should be. Good communication is not merely talking; it is being with someone and relating that nothing else is more important at that time. So many times parents are doing three or four tasks while their child is trying to communicate something to them. They may not even look up from the recipe or newspaper they are trying to read, as the child is desperately trying to get their attention. This displays a lack of interest in the child or what they are trying to convey to the parent. Lack of interest is one thing that will keep families from communicating. When someone doesn’t feel worthy enough of attention, they will stop sharing all together. When children stop sharing with their parents, they go to places and people that will show them attention. This can lead to trouble. The child may look for other avenues of acceptance, which could be negative influences. This could easily be avoided if only the parent had shown an interest in the child’s life. Part of effective commun ication with your children is being aware of their whereabouts. A child who is unsupervised or who has a parent that doesn’t show an interest in her activities, is likely to shut down and internalize her feelings (Beers, 1987). Parents also need to be aware of what is going on in a child’s life. Th... ...hout their lives. in order to have a society of good communicators, it needs to start in the home. Parents need to start communicating with their children and need to show them how to communicate with others. This is a skill that will be valued all throughout life and is something that shouldn’t be ignored. The skill of communication will be valued in every relationship throughout life. It is a necessity. References Beers, V.G. (1987). Parents and Children: Increasing Family Communication. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers. Cushman, D.P. & Cahn, D.D. (1985). Communication in Interpersonal Relationships. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Foxhall, K. (2000). Parent and Child Communication. Monitor on Psychology. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on February 18, 2005: http://www.apa.org/monitor/may00/communication.html Gurman, A. & Kniskern, D. (1991). Handbook of Family Therapy Vol. II. Bristol PA: Brunner/Mazel. Author's name omitted by request. (2001). Parent child communication: how to communicate effectively. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on February 19, 2005: http://www.allsands.com/Kids/Teenagers/parentchildco_stj_gn.htm

The House on Mango Street Cisneross Style :: House Mango Street

The House on Mango Street Cisneros's Style Sandra Cisneros's writing style in the novel The House on Mango Street transcends two genres, poetry and the short story. The novel is written in a series of poetic vignettes that make it easy to read. These distinguishing attributes are combined to create the backbone of Cisneros's unique style and structure. The novel has confused many critics and readers because it reads like poetry, yet in actuality it is a narrative. Cisneros admits that many of the vignettes are "lazy poems." This means that they could be poems if she had taken the time to finish them (Olivares 145). At many times throughout the novel the words rhyme and can almost be put to a catchy tune. For example, the chapter "Geraldo No Last Name" reads like a poem with end rhyme and a structured pattern. "Pretty too, and young. Said he worked in a restaurant, but she can't remember which one" (Cisneros 65). At the other end of the spectrum, the novel is a series of vignettes. "I would affirm that, although some of the narratives of Mango Street are 'short stories,' most are vignettes, that is, literary sketches, like small illustrations nonetheless..." says critic Julian Olivares (145). Cisneros has stated that she wants a reader to be able to pick up the novel and understand its meaning from any point within; therefore, the novel is told in a series of vignettes, each of which makes it own point. The vignettes are combined to create a larger story (Olivares 145). "Chanclas" is an example of Cisneros's sound prose vignettes. "Meanwhile that boy who is my cousin... asks me to dance and I can't" (Cisneros 47).This chapter is a literary sketch which illustrates Esperanza's insecurity about being poor. Mango Street isn't necessarily structured in chronological order. There are no drastic nor specific changes in time. The reader understands that the character is growing up, but the existing structure can be rearranged without compromising the reader's understanding. The chapters "Hips" ("They(hips) bloom like roses, I continue because it's obvious I'm the only one who can speak with any authority...") and "The First Job" ("So the next morning I put on the navy blue dress that made me look older.

Iagos Motivations :: essays research papers fc

Every good play has a great villain. Othello by William Shakespeare is no exception. In writing Othello, Shakespeare took characters he had gotten from an Italian short story, and developed them further. I would not say Shakespeare created Iago, but he definitely made Iago the evil man that everyone knows him to be. Iago may be one of the greatest villains of all time. He was honest, loyal, and brave in all of the other characters’ eyes. However, in reality he was a cruel, deceitful, immoral man. As with every great villain, Iago had to have been motivated by something. Although it is debatable, I believe the main motivation behind his villainy is his repressed homosexuality, and his attraction to Othello.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different views on what motivated Iago to set out to destroy so many innocent people. Many critics argue the not being promoted is his only motivation. Clearly, Iago’s ego was shattered when he was not promoted, however, it seems to be just another excuse for hating Othello. Thomas Wilkes believes that Iago’s motivation for wanting to destroy Othello was based only on him not being promoted to lieutenant. He says that Iago had â€Å"no other real motive for his villainy.† Wilkes recognized that Iago stated other possible motives, but argues that he only used them to deceive Roderigo. Wilkes’ opinion is a very popular one, but I believe that the real motivation is more complex than his not being promoted. If that was the only reason, why did he not stop scheming after Othello made him lieutenant?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stanley Edgar Hyman believed that Iago was just plain evil. Actually, that he was, in fact, Satan. He says that Iago is motivated by the fact that he is Satan or a figuration of Satan, eternally fixed in posture of hatred of God and envy of man. He wins the souls of men by promising to gratify their desires: Roderigo’s for Desdemona, Cassio’s for his return to favor, Othello’s for certainty (perhaps the certainty of guilt). (Hyman 29) Iago manipulates these people so easily. He actually does, in some way, take their souls. Roderigo dies, Cassio gets torn from his lieutenant position, and Othello kills his wife and himself. All of them are ruined by the end of the play, and it was all Iago’s plan. I agree that yes, Iago is evil, but in no way do I think he is Satan.

The Shape of the Water Stain

With my eyes heavy from exhaustion, I roll over and glance at the clock for the eighth time tonight: 2:37am. As I turn back over, my thoughts echoing stresses from the day I just survived, I sigh in desperation. It's only Wednesday, and despite my intense fatigue and futile attempts, for the third time this week, I cannot fall asleep. While I study the shape of the water stain on my ceiling, I try to imagine how many hours I have spent staring at that same spot and how many hours of sleep I have lost over the years. It's maddening. How can I be so incredibly tired but still find it nearly impossible to fall asleep? When I do finally fall asleep, why do I wake up still feeling exhausted? Why does this keep happening to me?Insomnia is acommon sleeping disorder that causes perpetual sleeplessness, and millions of people suffer from this disorder every day. According to Dr. David N. Neubauer of the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, â€Å"thirty percent ofadults experience insomnia at least occasionally, and ten percent have persistent insomnia. † Furthermore, women, elderly people, and those with specific medical conditions are even more susceptible to the effects of insomnia. Routinely experiencing an insufficient amount of sleep has been linked to many extremely dangerous side effects. As stated by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults with sleep insufficiencies are at a high risk for developing chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, depression, and obesity, as well as cancer, increased mortality, and reduced quality of life and productivity (â€Å"Insufficient Sleep†). In the book, Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation, written for the National Academy of Sciences by the Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research, Harvey Colten and Bruce Altevogt note, â€Å"compared to healthy individuals, those suffering from sleep loss and sleep disorders are less productive, have an increased health care utilization, and have an increased likelihood of injury,† and alarmingly, â€Å"almost 20 percent of all serious car crash injuries in the general population are associated with driver sleepiness.† With an estimated 50 to 70 million adults in the US suffering from chronic sleep disorders (Colten and Altevogt), this issue and its side effects continue to grow even more concerning.Possible CausesBehavioral IssuesOne possible cause of insomnia are behavioral issues. In the book Adolescent Insomnia, Dr. J. R. Morrison, a professor of counseling, and Brian Storey, a research assistant at the University of San Diego, explain that, â€Å"behavioral issues that cause insomnia include ‘lifestyle' problems that are not conducive to sound sleep.† Examples of such habits include irregular bedtimes and rising hours, long naps during the day, and use of stimulants like coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages. Irregular bedtimes and excessive napping alters a patient's internal clock and makes it difficult for their brain to decipher whether it is the appropriate time for sleep or not. Additionally, The National Sleep Foundation states that, â€Å"certain substances and activities, including eating patterns, can contribute to insomnia.† In the article, â€Å"What Causes Insomnia?† the NSF mentions that consuming stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine, as well as alcohol and heavy meals can cause sleep disruption. Ingesting or using any of these substances creates high levels of brain activity. A hyperactive brain can make it extremely difficult to fall asleep and remain asleep.Even though lifestyle choices are considered to be a very prevalent cause of insomnia, there are certain researchers who believe otherwise. In the Medical News Todayjournal, Peter Crosta, who studied at Columbia University, says that â€Å"[T]here is often an underlying medical condition that causes chronic insomnia.† He continues to explain that lifestyle choices should not be considered a true cause of insomnia. Crosta believes that insomnia is not based on decisions that a patient makes for themselves, and it is solely based on medical factors alone.Chronic Medical ConditionsAnother potential cause for insomnia are chronic medical conditions. The National Sleep Foundation gives examples of these medical issues; those include â€Å"nasal/sinus allergies, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine problems, arthritis, asthma, and parkinson's disease.† These certain medical conditions create symptoms like crippling pain, runny nose, constant coughing, difficulty breathing, and tremors. Such symptoms make it nearly impossible for patients to be able fall asleep and stay asleep.In the article, â€Å"Ask Yourself 8 Questions,† in the Current Psychiatryjournal, Dr. David N Neubauer, describes how, â€Å"pain or discomfort caused by a medical condition may undermine sleep quality.† Neubauer goes on to explain that, â€Å"certain cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, rheumatologic, and orthopedic disorders are associated withinsomnia.† Essentially, he is saying that these medical conditions can cause symptoms that would make insufficient sleep more likely. Although these medical conditions causing insomnia is a widely accepted theory, J. R. Morrison and Brian Storey mention in their book, Adolescent Insomnia, that they believe that, â€Å"poor sleep is a learned habit,† as opposed to something caused by a medical condition. They explain that this theory is based upon how people can examine and adjust their sleeping habits and cure their insomnia. They do not believe that this would be possible if it were truly caused by those specific medical conditions.Psychological DisordersAnother possible cause of insomnia is an underlying psychological disorder. The National Sleep Foundation has found that â€Å"Insomnia can be caused by psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety.† Based on their studies, they have found that patients with major depressive disorders are at a much higher risk of developing insomnia. Furthermore, they described that certain symptoms of anxiety, such as tension and excessive worrying, cause high levels of brain activity which leads to chronic sleep deprivation.In the book Adolescent Insomnia, Dr. J. R. Morrison and Brian Storey discuss and explore several different aspects of insomnia. Morrison and Storey state that â€Å"psychological factors [of insomnia] include anxiety and depression.† The pair go on to explain that people who deal with anxiety often struggle to initially fall asleep, while those with depression tend to frequently awaken early in the morning and find themselves unable to fall back asleep. In either scenario, the psychological issue clearly creates a condition where the person is unable to gain sufficient sleep.Even though the evidence seems unambiguous, there is a possibility that psychological issues are not at the root of insomnia. â€Å"Although many people believe that psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety cause insomnia, the reverse may actually be true,† argues Henry Olders, an assistant professor of psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal. Olders bases his claim off of research done by The National Institutes of Mental Health. Their studies found that, â€Å"the risk of developing new depression was 39.8 times higher for insomniacs than for those without sleep problems.† Essentially, both the NIMH and Henry Olders have found that insomnia leads to an onset of depression and anxiety, as opposed to the other way around. Considering the results of this study, there is no way to fully conclude that insomnia is actually caused by psychological disorders.The most likely cause of insomnia is behavioral and lifestyle choices. There are more people in the United States that drink excessive amounts of caffeine, smoke cigarettes, and eat heavy meals before bedtime, than people with serious psychological or medical conditions. This means that most people with insomnia, most likely have made specific lifestyle decisions that caused it. If we do not do anything about the climbing rates of insomnia, our society will experience a higher rate of sleep deprivation. This will add to an already growing rate of motor vehicle accidents due to drowsy driving, as well as other sleep deprivation related disasters. On top of that those struggling with insomnia will e

A True Hero

Anonymous Prof. Smith 2 October 2011 A True Hero Soaring through fiery infernos, slaying dragons, rescuing the damsel in distress; heroes are stereotypically viewed as those who go through a heart-pounding adventure to save the love of their life. However, this does not always have to be the case, especially in real life. Although some may disagree, Gilgamesh is a hero is his own right because of his bravery, perseverance and loyalty. Just as Gilgamesh has these attributes of a hero, I believe my Grandfather contains these attributes too. My Grandfather, who is my mother’s father, went through a lot in his life to illustrate how he obtained my reverence towards him and why I believe he is a modern-day hero. Bravery is the key component that all heroes share. Without bravery, those defined as heroes would have been unable to overcome obstacles or take chances in their path of life. Determined to prove himself as the mightiest being, Gilgamesh showed his bravery by slaying Humbaba. While my grandfather failed to slay any massive beasts, he confirmed his bravery through other means. My grandfather first stunned me with his bravery when he shared his stories of being in the Navy. This is really impressive to me because I would never have the guts or strength to be able to handle the Navy and serve our country at the risk of sacrificing my life. Both Gilgamesh and my grandfather showed their bravery because they were able to stare death in the eye, and survive. It is also necessary that heroes maintain the ability to persevere or else heroes would be non-existent. Perseverance is the driving force that motivates heroes to keep going even in the face of adversity. If heroes lost perseverance, their journey would end when an obstacle blocked their path. It is a true hero who stands up in the face of adversity and continues to push forward to the finish line. Gilgamesh showed his perseverance after Enkidu died. Faced with adversity, Gilgamesh never took no for an answer as he searched for the key to immortality. Just as Gilgamesh showed perseverance, so too has my grandfather. My grandfather is an avid businessman and has been faced with many obstacles. In business, high risk equals high reward, but high risk can also induce high failure. My grandfather has always told me â€Å"Failures define who you are† because it tests your character. Throughout his career he has faced failure, understood how it felt to own nothing through bankruptcy, but he has never given up. His perseverance through failure made him stronger and led him the successes he was able to obtain. No matter the obstacle, Gilgamesh and my grandfather persevered through difficult times, never gave up, and came out on top. Finally, loyalty is another important trait heroes share. Loyalty is the fundamental reason as to why many heroes are brave and persevere. Whether it is loyalty to a loved one, family, a friend, or even their city, loyalty keeps heroes persevering and motivated. For Gilgamesh, Enkidu was his loyal companion. Their loyalty towards each other was un-measureable and their friendship was unbreakable. When Enkidu passed away, Enkidu inspired Gilgamesh to journey for immortality. My grandfather’s loyalty was persistent throughout his life towards my grandmother, his kids, and even his grandchildren. From the time he met my grandmother he was always completely loyal to her. Through good times and bad they were always at each other’s side. When he had kids it was the same way and even today he shows his loyalty to his grandkids by attending their sporting events or just being there for support. Bravery, perseverance, loyalty: three key components to be recognized as a hero. Each trait plays off the other, but a true hero exemplifies all three. While soaring though fiery infernos, slaying dragons, and rescuing the damsel in distress may be exciting, becoming a hero isn’t as difficult as fairytales make it seem. To be a true hero, ultimately all that is required is a strong and courageous heart, a never-give-up mentality, and faithfulness to all those important in your life. Acquiring these attributes is easy to do and make you a hero in anyone’s eyes, even if it’s just your grandson’s.