Essay --

Individualized organization PENGANTAR Puji Syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang, karena atas Rahmat dan karunianya maka Pengabdian Masyarakat †Pelatihan Pembuatan Web bagi Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat† telah selesai dilaksanakan dan dapat berjalan dengan lancar sesuai dengan perencanaan. Diharapkan penyelenggaraan pelatihan tersebut dapat bermanfaat bagi seluruh peserta khususnya dan bagi masyarakat pada umumnya sehingga mampu meningkatkan ketrampilan pengelolaan di bidang Web Site. Laporan kegiatan ini sangat penting dibuat sebagai bukti pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan kegiatan yang telah dilasanakan dan harus disampaikan kepada pim-pinan. Adapun tujuan dibuatnya laporan ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan rencana selanjutnya. 2. Sebagai penentuan kebijakan atasan 3. Sebagai bukti laporan kegiatan yang telah di laksanakan 4. Untuk mengetahui expositions dan perkembangan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan. Dalam laporan ini berikut kami sampaikan tentang : Dasar Penyelenggaraan, Tujuan Pelatihan, Pembiayaan , Kompetensi,Pelaksanaan, J...

How Does Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Link to Different Poems Free Essays

In all the various writings that were examined, the topics of ‘Love conflict’ are clear. In Shakespeare’s Play ‘Romeo and Juliet’, we get the feeling that maybe the medical caretaker has more warmth for Juliet contrasted with her genuine guardians. It was the attendant that raised and breastfed her. We will compose a custom article test on How Does Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Link to Different Poems? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Her folks appear to be very remote and separated and are progressively keen on controlling her. In any case, we see their authentic love for her when they are distress blasted after they find Juliet’s demise. In Catrin, similar to the Capulet’s, we can see the mother, Gillian Clarke endeavoring to control her girl. However, this is anything but a noteworthy showdown only an insignificant question wherein the mother perceives that contention will consistently be a piece of mother/little girl connections. This can be found in What has Happened to Lulu, where the encounter among mother and girl has raised to where the little girl felt she should leave. Also, in the sonnet, A chilly Night, Alice is furious as her mother’s love is controlling and covering. The writings propose that connections are not generally solid among guardians and little girls. The structure of Romeo and Juliet appears as a conventional story with the creating issue of Juliet’s masterminded marriage arriving at a peak with her demise then a goals of the quarreling families accommodating. In Catrin, the old style structure is deserted: and supplanted with a progressively perplexing account starting with a flashback. It is the main toward the end where we comprehend their contention. In ‘A Frosty Night’ and ‘What has happened to Lulu? We see a progressively customary structure with the story unfurling in an ordered manner. In any case, what is intriguing about the twentieth century writings is that none of them are settled toward the end not at all like Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare’s play is very indistinguishable ‘A Frosty Night’ as the contention is uncovered through exchange while in ‘Catrin’ and ‘What Has Happened to Lulu’ the account is passed on through the primary individual. The social and recorded settings of the writings are stamped in an unexpected way. Romeo and Juliet was written in the late sixteenth century while different sonnets were written in the present day and, consequently, mirrors the perspectives and estimations of their occasions. In Romeo and Juliet, in contrast to today, kids weren’t expected to scrutinize the authority of their folks. In addition, it was the convention for guardians to mastermind their children’s marriage and now and then prompts genuine clash. This is clear in Shakespeare’s play and eventually prompts the passing of the two kids. In all the sonnets, the contention in a parent-kid relationship isn’t as genuine as in Romeo and Juliet. While Alice and Lulu felt confined and compelled by their moms they could in any event have acted progressively self-assured with their folks and even venture out from home as Lulu’s vanishing might have been. In Catrin, the contention is of an insignificant sort which would make event in many families. Notwithstanding their obvious contrasts, what is striking is that parent/youngster struggle has persevered through time and in this manner it is conceivable to comprehend the showdown among Juliet and her parent’s despite the fact that it was composed more than 400 years prior. In all the writings, incredible emotive language is represented. In ‘Romeo and Juliet’, we see Old Capulet obnoxiously assaults Juliet in a forceful and undermining way, â€Å"Hang thee, Young Baggage! Defiant Wretch! † he shouts. While in ‘Catrin’, Clarke utilizes the amazing allegory â€Å"tight red rope of affection which we both battled over†. In ‘A Frosty Night’, Robert Graves parts of the bargains the mother/little girl discussion with Alice yelling, â€Å"Mother let me go†. Likewise, in ‘What Has Happened to Lulu† the more youthful kin uncovers â€Å"I heard somebody cry, out of resentment or in pain†. Maybe it isn't astounding that emotive language is utilized after all the sonnets are a result of affection. The most effective method to refer to How Does Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Link to Different Poems?, Essay models

The difference between products on a number Essay Example

The distinction between items on a number Essay Im going to research the distinction between items on a number matrix first Im going to draw a crate cycle four numbers then I will discover the result of upper left, base right numbers, and afterward Im going to do likewise with the upper right, base right numbers in the container. Hostility at that point ascertain the contrast between these items. I will explore squares, yet in addition square shapes, Ill use polynomial math to attempt to discover an equation or a general standard that will give me this distinction for any size shape. Im going to draw a container cycle four numbers then I will discover the result of upper left, base right numbers, and afterward Im going to do likewise with the upper right, base right numbers. 12 13 We will compose a custom paper test on The contrast between items on a number explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The contrast between items on a number explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The distinction between items on a number explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer 22 23 The distinction somewhere in the range of 286 and 276 is 10 in light of the fact that 286 276 = 10 13 x 22 = 286 12 x 23 = 276 49 50 59 60 The distinction somewhere in the range of 2950 and 2940 is 10 in light of the fact that 2950 2940 = 10 50 x 59 = 2950 49 x 60 = 2940 5 6 15 16 The distinction somewhere in the range of 90 and 80 is 10 since 90 80 = 10 6 x 15 = 90 5 x 16 = 80 I anticipated that the distinction for every one of the 22 extras will be 10, Ill do another 2 by 2 network to affirm that my expectation is right. 82 83 92 93 The contrast somewhere in the range of 7636 and 7626 is 10 on the grounds that 7636 7626 = 10 83 x 92 = 7636 82 x 93 = 7626 This shows my forecast is right, that each of the 2 by 2 will equivalent to 10. 3 by 3 Im going to draw a container cycle nine numbers then I will discover the result of upper left, base right numbers, and afterward Im going to do likewise with the upper right, base right numbers. 1 2 3 11 12 13 21 22 23 The contrast somewhere in the range of 63 and 23 is 40 on the grounds that 63 23 = 40. 3 x 21 = 63 1 x 23 = 23 6 7 8 16 17 18 26 27 28 The contrast somewhere in the range of 208 and 168 is 40 in light of the fact that 208 168 = 40. 8 x 26 = 208 6 x 28 = 168 25 26 27 35 36 37 45 46 47 The contrast somewhere in the range of 1215 and 1175 is 40 in light of the fact that 1215 1175 = 40 27 x 45 = 1215 25 x 47 = 1175 I anticipated that the distinction for every one of the 3 by 3 extras will be 40, Ill do another 3 by 3 network to affirm that my expectation is right. 16 17 18 26 27 28 36 37 38 The distinction somewhere in the range of 648 and 608 is 40 in light of the fact that 648 608 = 40 18 x 36 = 648 16 x 38 = 608 This shows my expectation is right, that each of the 3 by 3 will equivalent to 30. 4 by 4 Im going to draw a crate cycle sixteen numbers then I will discover the result of upper left, base right numbers, and afterward Im going to do likewise with the upper right, base right numbers. 14 15 16 17 24 25 26 27 34 35 36 37 44 45 46 47 The distinction somewhere in the range of 748 and 658 is 90 in light of the fact that 748 659 = 90. 17 x 44 = 748 14 x 47 = 658 24 25 26 27 34 35 36 37 44 45 46 47 54 55 56 57 The contrast somewhere in the range of 1458 and 1368 is 90 on the grounds that 1458 1368 = 90. 27 x 54 = 1458 24 x 57 = 1368 55 56 57 58 65 66 67 68 75 76 77 78 85 86 87 88 The contrast somewhere in the range of 4930 and 4840 is 90 on the grounds that 4930 4840 = 90. 58 x 85 = 4930 55 x 88 = 4840 I anticipated that the distinction for each of the 4 by 4 extras will be 90, Ill do another 4 by 4 matrix to affirm that my expectation is right. 51 52 53 54 61 62 63 64 71 72 73 74 81 82 83 84 The distinction somewhere in the range of 4930 and 4940 is 90 on the grounds that 4930 4940 = 90. 54 x 81 = 4374 51 x 84 = 4284 This shows my forecast is right, that each of the 4 by 4 will equivalent to 90. 5 by 5 Im going to draw a container cycle twenty five numbers then I will discover the result of upper left, base right numbers, and afterward Im going to do likewise with the upper right, base right numbers. 1 2 3 4 5 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 41 42 43 44 45 The contrast somewhere in the range of 205 and 45 is 160 on the grounds that 205 45 = 160. 5 x 41 = 205 1 x 45 = 45 55 56 57 58 59 65 66 67 68 69 75 76 77 78 79 85 86 87 88 89 95 96 97 98 99 The distinction somewhere in the range of 5605 and 5445 is 160 in light of the fact that 5605 5445 = 160. 59 x 95 = 5605 55 x 99 = 5445 42 43 44 45 46 52 53 54 55 56 62 63 64 65 66 72 73 74 75 76 82 83 84 85 86 The distinction somewhere in the range of 3772 and 3612 is 160 in light of the fact that 3772 3612 = 160. 46 x 82 = 3772 42 x 86 = 3612 I anticipated that the distinction for every one of the 5 by 5 extras will be 160, Ill do another 5 by 5 network to affirm that my expectation is right. 35 36 37 38 39 45 46 47 48 49 55 56 57 58 59 65 66 67 68 59 75 76 77 78 79 The contrast somewhere in the range of 2925 and 2765 is 160 on the grounds that 2925 2765 = 160. 39 x 75 = 2925 35 x 79 = 2765 This shows my expectation is right, that every one of the 5 by 5 will equivalent to 160. 6 by 6 Im going to draw a crate cycle twenty five numbers then I will discover the result of upper left, base right numbers, and afterward Im going to do likewise with the upper right, base right numbers. 21 22 23 24 25 26 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 46 51 52 53 54 55 56 61 62 63 64 65 66 71 72 73 74 75 76 The distinction somewhere in the range of 1846 and 1596 is 250 on the grounds that 1846 1596 = 250. 26 x 71 = 1846 21 x 76 = 1596 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 23 24 25 26 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 46 51 52 53 54 55 56 The distinction somewhere in the range of 306 and 56 is 250 in light of the fact that 306 56 = 250. 6 x 51 = 306 1 x 56 = 56 33 34 35 36 37 38 43 44 45 46 47 48 53 54 55 56 57 58 63 64 65 66 67 68 73 74 75 76 77 78 83 84 85 86 87 88 The distinction somewhere in the range of 3154 and 2904 is 250 on the grounds that 3154 2904 = 250. 38 x 83 = 3154 33 x 88 = 2904 I anticipated that the distinction for every one of the 6 by 6 extras will be 250, Ill do another 6 by 6 lattice to affirm that my expectation is right. 14 15 16 17 18 19 24 25 26 27 28 29 34 35 36 37 38 39 44 45 46 47 48 49 54 55 56 57 58 59 64 65 66 67 68 69 The contrast somewhere in the range of 1216 and 966 is 250 in light of the fact that 1216 966 = 250. 19 x 64 = 1216 14 x 69 = 966

Study Of Risk Management Systems At Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

This chapter highlights the results and findings related with the research paper. It concentrates on the analysis of the data collected by the author from the questionnaire filled in by the banks officials. The main aim is to understand the key risks associated with Indian banks and to prioritize the same and to discover solutions and alternatives to minimizing these risks. The gathered data will highlight the key risks, threats to the banks, benefits and solution towards risk management. Thus based on all those factors, the author will find whether Indian banks incorporate effective risk management system and how they can minimize the associated risks. 4.1 Results and Analysis of Results There is a questionnaire, designed to take the responses from Bank Officials. The questionnaire was published both online and also distributed in person. There were 48 respondents to the overall questionnaire and was collected over a time period of 8 days. The questionnaire was filled in person by meeting the bank officials and also emails were sent out to in order to cover greater respondents. The questionnaire was filled by the officials from national, regional, state level and other public-private sector banks operating in India. The data gathered from overall questionnaires was been analyzed using excel with the help of graphs determining the key risks and effectiveness of risk management system. The results and graphs for questionnaire are discussed in this chapter with each question and respective graph followed with it. Risk management: According to the RBI circular issued on risk management by the RBI the broad parameters of risk management function should encompass: organizational structure, comprehensive risk measurement approach, risk management policies approved by the Board which should be consistent with the broader business strategies, capital strength, management expertise and overall willingness to assume risk guidelines and other parameters used to govern risk taking including detailed structure of prudential limits, strong MIS for reporting, monitoring and controlling risks, well laid out procedures, effective control and comprehensive risk reporting framework, separate risk management framework independent of operational Departments and with clear delineation of levels of responsibility for management of risk, Periodical review and evaluation. Study of risk management system at banks under study Most of the banks do not have dedicated risk management team, policy, procedures and framework in place. Those banks have risk management department, the risk managers role is restricted to pre fact and post fact analysis of customers credit and there is no segregation of credit, market, operational and strategic risks. There are few banks which have articulated framework and risk quantification. The traditional lending practices, assessment of credits, handling of market risks, treasury functionality and culture of risk-rewards are bane of public sector banks whereas private sector banks and financial institutions are somewhat better in this context. The sheer size and wide coverage of banks is a big hurdle to integrate and generate a cost effective real time operational data for mapping the risks. Most of the financial institutions processes are encircled to functional silos follows bureaucratic structure and yet to come up with a transparent and appropriate corporate governan ce structure to achieve the stated strategic objectives. Since the year 1998 RBI has been giving serious attention towards evolving suitable and comprehensive models for Risk-management. It has laid stress on integrating this new discipline in the working systems of the Banks. In view of this, the risk management division in most of the banks was established in or after 1998 only. All the details regarding the risk management framework is presented by the bank in a policy document called ICAAP. Prioritizing Key Risks: Identification and prioritizing the key risk was one of the main objectives of this research. As discussed in chapter-2, various risks that a bank is bound to confront were divided into two categories namely, business risks and control risks. Business risk involves the risks arising out of the operations of the bank, the business it is into and the way it conducts its operations. It consists of 8 types of risks namely capital, credit, market, earnings, liquidity, business strategy and environmental, operational and group risk. Control risk measures the risk arising out of any lapses in the control mechanism such as the organizational structure and the management and the internal controls that exist in the bank. Controls risk further consists of internal controls, management, organizational and compliance risk. After taking up the questionnaire it was found that respondents scaled various risk based on their importance ranking the most important as 1 and so on as stated in table bel ow: Business Risk Parameter Scaling Value Capital Risk 1 Credit Risk 2 Market Risk 3 Earnings 3 Liquidity Risk 4 Business Strategy Environmental Risk 5 Operational risk 2 Group Risk 5 In case of business risk category (after driving conclusion from above mentioned analysis) 1. Capital risk is the most crucial type of risk faced by banks. 2. Credit and operational risk are at second level and are equally important. 3. Next most crucial risk faced after capital credit and operational risk is market risk. Earnings risk is also equally important as market risk. 4. Liquidity risk is the next most important risk 5. Least important/ crucial risks are business and group risk. Figure: Hierarchy of business risk Control Risk Parameter Scaling Value Internal Control 1 Management 2 Organization 3 Compliance 2 In the case of controls risk category: (after driving conclusion from above mentioned analysis) 1. Internal controls risk the most crucial risk faced. 2. Management and compliance risk are the next most important risks. 3. Risk associated with organization is the least important of all. It can be depicted as: Figure: Hierarchy of controls risk Apart from those risks mentioned under the Basel accord, banks hardly pay attention to other categories of risks. Some of the risks not addressed by most of the banks are: Interest rate risk in the banking book, Settlement risk, Reputational risk, Strategic risk, Legal and compliance risk, Risk of under estimation of credit risk under the standardized approach, Model risk, Residual risk of securitization. Credit risk management: As discussed earlier in chapter-2, Credit risk management enables banks to identify, assess, manage proactively, and optimise their credit risk at an individual level or at an entity level or at the level of a country. The commonly used techniques are econometric technique, neural networks, opt imisation models, rule based and hybrid systems. The domains to which they are applied are credit approval, credit rating determination and risk pricing. The various models covering these techniques and domain are Altmans Z-score model (1968), KMV model for measuring default risk, CreditMetrics, CreditRisk+, etc. Drivers of effective credit risk management: These are effective credit risk management as a value enhancing activity, consolidating credit lines, efficient use of economic and regulatory capital, ensuring that the bank has a safe level of capital, pricing loans to earn attractive risk-adjusted profits, applying economic capitals trio of core decision making criteria, use of derivatives to reshape credit profile and technology. How likely is that the credit checks of customers and the information from credit agencies help banks model against credit and other associated risks? Market risk management: Market risk is defined as the uncertainty in the future values of the Groups on and off balance sheet financial items, resulting from movements in factors such as interest rates, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates. The drivers of market risk are equity and commodities prices, foreign exchange rates, interest rates, their volatilities and correlations. Market risk can be classified into directional and non-directional risks. Market risk can be measured and managed through the use of Maturity gap analysis, Duration analysis, Convexity, Value-at-Risk (VAR), Stress Testing and the Greeks. In Indian market, being an emerging market, liquidity and inefficiency are the major concerns in the forex, debt and stock markets. Panic and knee jerk reactions are also common (e.g. effect on stock markets during Indo-Pak tension and the recent Government change). All these factors contribute to the market risk of the bank.  · To analyze the market risk management techniques, an exe rcise of informal discussion and unstructured questionnaire was conducted. Few highlights are given as: The banks have been making progress in the area of Asset Liability Management. But they are still far from achieving the level, which has been attained in banks abroad. All of the banks have set up ALM function and established the requisite organizational framework consisting of the ALCO and the support groups. The composition, scope and functions of these bodies are in accordance with the guidelines. Banks have also made an attempt to integrate ALM and management of other risks to facilitate integrated risk management. Banks are complaint with the regulatory requirements of the RBI regarding the preparation of statements. They have also laid out policies and maintain records as required by the guidelines. Many of them have also achieved 100% coverage of business by ALM. Private Banks and foreign banks have made the most progress. Some of them had a head start in AL M. They have not made the progress that could possibly have been made considering that their problems are not of the magnitude of some other banks. Asset liability management: ALM is concerned with strategic balance sheet management involving risks caused by changes in the interest rates, exchange rates and the liquidity position of the bank. In recent years in India, most of the interest rates have been deregulated; government securities are sold in auctions and banks are also, with a few exceptions free to determine the interest rates on deposits and advances. Hence the ALM function is not simply about risk protection. It should also be about enhancing the net worth of the institution through opportunistic positioning of the balance sheet. The more leveraged an institution is, the more critical the ALM function within the enterprise. The ALM process allows an institution to take on positions, which are otherwise deemed too large without such a function. There are various techniques of risk management to address the different types of risk. ALM primarily aims at managing interest rate risk and liquidity risk. How likely is that the effective implementation of Asset Liability Management (ALM) techniques help banks model against Market and other associated risks? Indian banks have a very significant proportion of assets and liabilities with no fixed maturity. On the assets side this includes practically all of the working capital finance. Much of this contractually repayable on demand but in practice it is subject to more or less automatic rollovers, even when in the form of loans. On the liabilities side the principal items with no fixed maturity are the current and savings bank accounts. Now the banks approach this problem through behavioural analysis. It is the process of capturing the assets and liabilities as per the buckets given by RBI. As on March 31, 2008, for the scheduled banks together current account and savings bank deposits formed about 28% of external liabilities: again the bulk of the loans and advances (40% of assets) was probably working capital finance. This is a large and significant proportion of the assets and liabilities. All of the banks surveyed follow the classification of assets and liabilities recommended by the RBI. They use the maturity gap model. Operational risk management: Many banks have defined operational risk as any risk not categorised as market or credit risk and some have defined it as the risk of loss arising from various types of human or technical error. Operational risk management techniques come in two basic varieties -bottom -up or top down approaches take aggregate targets such as net income or net asset value, to analyse the operational risk factors and loss events that cause fluctuations in the target.. How likely is that the effective monitoring by the top management would help banks model against Organizational losses and other associated risks? The threats Exposed to the Banks consists of: Fig-1 states that Competition seems to be a great threat to the banking industry. Around 44%, 28% and 21% respondents feel that competition from other banks in the industry is Extremely, Quite and Slightly important threat that banks are exposed to in present scenario. Currently, India has 88 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) 27 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 31 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 38 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. This states the extent of competition amongst the Indian banking sector and imposes a threat to the banks from each other. Fig-2 states the variable customers as a threat since customers are the main entity for the banks. Greater the number of customer, more are the chances of expansion and efficient working of the banks. Results show that maximum respondents feel that reduction i n customers could be a risk for the bank as it drives of their business to their competitors. The BSE Sensex increased significantly from a level of 13,072 as at end-March 2007 to its peak of 20,873 on January 8, 2008. But with portfolio flows reversing in 2008, partly because of the international market turmoil, the Sensex dropped to a level of 11,328 on October 8, 2008, in line with similar large declines in other major stock markets. This had an impact on banks as banks borrow and lend money among them to meet short-term need for funds they never hold the exact amount of cash that they need to disburse as credit. The inter-bank market performs this critical role of bringing cash-surplus and cash-deficit banks together and lubricates the process of credit delivery to companies (for working capital and capacity creation) and consumers (for buying cars, white goods etc). As the global crisis intensified, banks grew increasingly suspicious about each others solvency and ability to honor commitments. The inter-bank market shrank as a result and this began to hurt the flow of funds to the real economy. The liquidity crunch in the banks has resulted in a tight situation where it has become extremely difficult even for top companies to take loans for their needs. This can be seen from the results as most respondents (approx 80%) do feel that share market volatility may leave bank susceptible to credit and market risks.( https://www.scribd.com/doc/7956331/Indian-Financial-Market-Reasons-and-Solutions) Police arrested a former bank teller of the State Bank of India on charges of conspiring with forgers to place fake Indian notes in a cash box. The bank teller told investigators that he exchanged over INR 15 million ($3,54,563) in counterfeit currency notes with authentic ones in a box managed by the financial institution for daily cash flow transactions on behalf of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This points out towards lack of managements attention towards s ound banking functionality. (https://www.algorithmics.com/EN/media/pdfs/Algo-RA0209-CRO-PCagen.pdf)The results states that around 45% respondents feel that lack of managements attention is quite important to be threat towards banks leading to operational and other risks. There is a scope for new entrants in the market, in spite of capital management and human resource constraints, as there continue to remain opportunities in unbanked areas. With only 30-35% of the population financially included, and the Indian banking industry unsaturated with CAGR of well above 20%, the market definitely has scope to accommodate new players. The results shows that respondents had been biased as majority (28%) feels that new entrants wont be a threat to their business while 60% feel that new entrants can pose a threat and that new entrants should be allowed only after satisfactorily achieving set milestones for the prior stages, cap on promoters holdings and wider public holding in addition to a common banking regulator on a level playing field are essential before they may set themselves up as banks.( https://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/studies_survey/banking_systemsurvey.pdf) Business risks consists of 8 types of risks namely capital, credit, market, earnings, liquidity, business strategy and environmental, operational and group risk. The results in Fig states that 100% respondents feel that business risk is really important and poses a great threat to the banks with almost 45% stating it as quite important. This states that the banks are really concerned towards risks and thus is vital to employ effective risk management system. Control risks consist of internal controls, management, organizational and compliance risk. The results in Fig states that almost 80% respondents feel that business risk is really important and poses a great threat to the banks whereas few, around15%, feel that control risks isnt a great threat to the banking sector as compared to business risk This states that the banks are really concerned towards risks and thus is vital to employ effective risk management system. Nonperforming Assets and bad loans have always been crucial threat for the banks efficient functionality. Almost 80% of the banks see personal loans (Fig. 13) as having the greatest potential for default, followed by corporate loans and credit cards. Many banks additionally perceived a level of riskiness in the SME and farm loan sector ( https://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/studies_survey/banking_systemsurvey.pdf). The results in fig states that respondents do feel rising level of NPAs as an important threat but not extremely important as majority around 40% mark it slightly important. Also studies show that Indian banks have the ability to absorb twice the amount of their current NPA levels. Strategies adapted by banks to overcome risks include:  · Integrative growth  · Intensive growth  · Downsizing older business Ã⠀šÃ‚ · Diversification Banks have given following as reasons for high incidence of NPAs  · Improper Loan Appraisal System by Banks  · Poor Risk Management Techniques as a Contribution to NPAs  · Lack of Strong Legal Framework to initiate action  · Incorrect Evaluation of the Credit Worthiness of the borrower  · Poor Loan Monitoring  · Poor Recovery Mechanisms Analysing the reasons that has led to loans becoming unpopular with the banking industry:  · High Incidences of Non Performing Assets  · High Costs of Servicing  · Greater Political Interference  · Stricter Formalities to be compiled with  · Falling demand the Pressure on the Banks The reason as why targets set for loans have not reached by banks includes:  · Projects Placed were not Feasible or Risky in the Respective Category  · Inadequate Security Provided by the Borrowers  · Large No. of Borrowers Whose Credit Worthiness is not Satisfactory  · Fear of NPAs The benefits in the next two years, on account of maintaining a separate risk management function: Improvement in productivity, Enabling risk adjusted performance, Improved assessment of product profitability, Use of risk sensitive approach in business processes, Better pricing of products and consumer segments, Developing skills for risk transfer products, Competitive advantage, Fraud reduction/deduction, Better understanding and scrutiny of all functionalities of the bank. Enabling a separate risk management system would surely help bank to deal with various risks associated with the industry and help it employ a smooth and efficient functioning. Having a sound risk management system may boost the productivity of the bank as they will have less risk and hence help them build trust by attracting more customers. Fig- shows that 80% respondents, with 35% and 20% thinking it quite and extremely likely respectively, feel that separate risk management system will help increase the productivity of the bank. Fig- shows that 95% respondents feel that a separate risk management syste m will enable the bank to provide with risk adjusted performance whereas a few regional banks feel that risk might be worth expansion and greater returns in order to attract customers with more interest rates on their deposits and other schemes.  · Having a separate risk management system surely helps to analyze the risk capability and limits of each products and portfolios which the banks deal in. Sometimes to offer greater return banks come up with portfolios which are more susceptible to risks. Thus the risk department can help minimize those risks and help choose products and services with greater returns and minimal risks to offer its clients. Fig- shows that 29% respondents feel that its slightly likely whereas around 40% (extremely and quite likely) feel that risk management will benefit with improved assessment of product profitability. There are 16% respondents who are biased on whether this may help to provide product profitability or not, as greater risk tends to greater returns. Fig- shows that approx 80% respondents feel that having a separate risk management will benefit to incorporate a risk sensitive approach in business processes the banks deal with. This includes the portfolios the banks invest and trades, t he MF and loans provided by the banks and better asset management with minimal risks. Incorporating a risk management department would help the employee to develop skills towards risk management. This might help to train the employee with required knowledge towards risk assessment of products and come up with products and portfolios with greater returns and less risk to impart faith towards its customers. Fig shows that over 30% respondents feel that its slight likely that separate risk management will help develop skills for risk transfer products whereas approx 30% and 15%, quite extremely likely, respectively favour it. Still there are few respondents approx 20% who doesnt favour and stay biased and feel its slightly unlikely that separate risk management might help develop skills for risk transfer products. Micro: basic granular knowledge of typical transactions and the risks attending them; 2. Macro: an understanding of what portfolio of risks is created by the sum of these transactions; and 3. Model: an understanding of how in this business model we make money, and what happens if critical underlying assumptions are wrong. Fig- shows that 35% and 20% respondents feel it quite and extremely likely that risk management would help relief in capital charge whereas 275 feel its slight likely that risk management may help in capital relief. 17% respondents feel that Risk management may surely help release the NPA burden but still there will be defaults such as customer credit defaults, bad debts, share market volatility, etc which cannot be overcome even by effective risk management and thus they doesnt support this variable as a benefit towards banks. Incorporating risk management would help bank attain transparency at its operational level, enable better capital management, liquidity management, portfolio management, and enhance board level perspective. This can be seen from fig- which states that approx 40%, 20%and 30% respondents feel it quite, e xtremely and slight likely that risk management would benefit bank have competitive edge over their rivals. There has been stunning fraud in India in recent years. The companies are able to arm twist the auditors who play a vital role in fraud detection. Implementing better risk management policies such as strict KYC norms, more stringent audit measure and stricter regulatory vigil really help banks detect fraud and take effective measures to eradicate such frauds. Fig-shows that around 70% (11%, 24% and 32% feeling extremely, quite and slightly likely resp.) respondents feel that separate risk management system will be beneficial for banks to deal with frauds. The implementation of proper risk management system helps bank aid their reputation and impart global recognition and presence. Fig shows that 35% respondents feel that this approach might list them on global markets and crack deals with foreign banks. For example the merger between State bank of India and PNB Paribas l ead to formation of SBI life Insurance, Indias largest private life insurer. This shows that effective risk approach would be highly beneficial for the banks. Risk management scenario in the future Risk management activities will be more pronounced in future banking because of liberalization, deregulation and global integration of financial markets. This would be adding depth and dimension to the banking risks. As the risks are correlated, exposure to one risk may lead to another risk, therefore management of risks in a proactive, efficient integrated manner will be the strength of the successful banks. The standardized approach was to be implemented by 31st March 2007, and the forward-looking banks placed their MIS for the collection of data required for the calculation of Probability of Default (PD), Exposure at Default (EAD) and Loss Given Default (LGD). The banks are expected to have at a minimum PD data for five years and LGD and EAD data for seven years. Presently most Indian banks do not possess the data required for the calculation of their LGDs. Also the personnel skills, the IT infrastructure and MIS at the banks need to be upgraded substantially if the banks want to migrate to the IRB Approach.

The Impact of Performance Enhancing Drugs on the Olympics...

The use of performance enhancing drugs is undermining the integrity of the Olympic games. It is impossible to accurately determine the number of athletes who use them, but it is believed that a substantial percentage do. According to an anonymous Soviet coach, Perhaps 90% of sportsmen, including our own, use drugs (CASA 40). One reason it is difficult to determine how many athletes dope is that in international events like the Olympics, the methods used to detect the use of these drugs simply are not effective. So, although only a few athletes are caught, many benefit from their use of performance enhancing drugs. It is unfortunate and unacceptable that such high level competition be marred by athletes drug use. The†¦show more content†¦In the Olympics, the use of anabolic steroids can be traced back as far as 1954, when Soviet weightlifters began taking anabolic steroids (Zorpette 17). Since then, the use of this drug, as well as many others, has increased dramatical ly. In addition to the growing number of anabolic steroids, new ways to enhance ones performance are emerging. Two fairly recent drugs that have had a significant affect on competition are erythropoietin, or EPO, and human growth hormone, or hGH. These two drugs pose significant problems because current testing methods cannot detect them (Zorpette 17). Human growth hormone enhances performance because it decreases ones fat mass, and EPO serves to augment the number of circulating red blood cells, which in turn allows for more oxygen to be carried to muscles in the body (Zorpette 19). Other advantages that performance enhancing drugs give to the athlete include increased endurance, the narrowing of blood cells, and even a slowed heartbeat, which enables archers and shooters to better steady themselves during competition. Other problems with drug use in the Olympics involve the availability and relative ease with which athletes obtain performance enhancing drugs, and methods for avoiding detection. Although it is illegal for a sports physician to prescribe or give an Olympian a banned substance, it happens very oftenShow MoreRelatedElite Athletes and Performance Enhancing Drugs1817 Words   |  7 PagesElite Athletes: An Asset or Liability to Sports? Many elite athletes are under great pressure to perform exceptionally well they often times resort to using performance-enhancing drugs to stay competitive. The path to success as an athlete is not an easy track; it is fierce! The fame and the fortune one can attain from being an athlete is only unimaginable to some; it is something worth going the extra mile to reach, for some, there is no limit to the extra mile. After all, in today’s society theRead MoreThe Effects Of Blood Doping On Professional Sports1265 Words   |  6 Pagescould be argued that the prohibition of sports enhancing drugs in the professional sports mirror the prohibition of alcohol, making for unsafe, unsanitary and black market drug erupt. Instead of prohibition, could the professional sports community limitations in order to better allocate their money? There are great incentives to use blood doping techniques with little by way of repercussions. Blood doping is a process intended to boost athlete’s performance by increasing the body’s ability to filterRead MorePreventing PEDs in Professional Sports Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) among athletes in professional sports has caused an outrage all around the world for many years. The use of PEDs not only affects the athlete that chooses to use them, but also the athletes they are competing against, other teams, and the team or country they are representing (â€Å"Survey Reveals†). It is important for athletes to maintain a good reputation in competition, because they need to represent their team in a positive manner and not create suspicionRead MoreSports Enhancing Drugs Is Great for sports: Personal Opinion Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesathletes in it Michal Jordan. He is known as one of the greatest basketball players ever to play the game. Space jam can show how an extra boost can improve players’ game play to the next level. Athletes should be able to use sports enhancing drugs to boost performance for better play and fan entertainment. Think of a world where athletes are stronger, faster and more physical then today normal athletes. This would be great for fans that enjoy entertainment at high levels of play. Athletes would getRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : A Fatal Attraction1734 Words   |  7 Pagesnot seem to push through? When some athletes hit the proverbial wall when training they turn to steroids. Ruth Wood in an article titled Anabolic Steroids: A Fatal Attraction? Writes, â€Å"Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are drugs of abuse. Despite bans on steroid use, Olympic athletes, professional cyclists, American baseball players, and even racehorses have tested positive for AAS. However, AAS are no longer the exclusive province of elite athletes. Among school seniors in the United States (18Read MoreEssay about Performance Enhancing Drugs1009 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs For many years sports have played huge roles in human’s everyday lives. From entertainment, political, financial and to actually competing in them. The task for the sportsmen or women, especially in the top rank, is to beat the other competitors and get a good result from it. Here there is a high amount of pressure on many athletes coming from the media, coaches, themselves etc. They have the wanting to do well and achieve their goals and aims so much that some of theRead MoreNegative Effects Of Doping In Sport974 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximise their performance are continually tempted to use illicit drugs to gain competitive advantage and to aid recovery from training and injuries. Doping in sport can affect performance, destroy reputations, impact friends, families, teams and community support. Doping is defined as the administration of drugs to an animal or person in order to enhance sporting performance. Doping has been traced all the way back to 393 BC when Ancient Greek s used substances to improve their performance in the GreekRead MorePED in Sports Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pages PED in Sports Performance enhancing drugs have been a longstanding problem in sports. It not only deteriorates the honesty of the game, but also can have broader social affects that one may not even realize. The use of performance enhancing drugs is especially apparent in Major League Baseball. This problem can be traced back to the 1980’s when baseball was facing one of its first â€Å"dark periods†. During the 1980’s Major League Baseball was experiencing a home run drought. Home run totals wereRead MoreThe Gold Affect And Effect1308 Words   |  6 PagesBrangelina have split. How can humanity live our everyday lives with this catastrophic news? Although exaggerated, the above is just as hyperbolic as the number of innocent athletes accused of taking performance enhancing drugs– which could be the end of some athletes’ careers. The 2016 Olympic games saw around 11,200 athletes, 366 of which were Team GB, battle their way to the reach the top of the podium in individual and team events. Despite their small number of warriors, Team GB punched aboveRead MoreShould Performance Enhancement Drugs Be Banned?865 Words   |  4 Pagessetting if in order to perform, there injecting and popping drugs into there body? Performance enhancement drugs are, drugs used by athletes to enhance their abilities in the performance of their sport. Often the drugs mean illegal or unethical use of these substances (Medical Dictionary). Performance enhancement drugs have been a major topic of sports over the past decade. Many athletes over the history of performance enhancement drugs have been caught with the illegal substances within their system

The Prophet, Muhammad, Islam - 1349 Words

The prophet, Muhammad founded Islam in 622 C.E. at the Arabian Peninsula. Judaism and Christianity both originate in Palestine, but Judaism commenced over 3,500 years ago while Christianity found its beginning in 33 C.E. Christianity was created by Christ, the son of God, while Abraham was the man credited with founding Judaism. Assuredly, albeit Judaism, Christianity and Islam were founded in divergent times, the religions still hold similarities in beliefs and teachings. However, differentiations are still present and significant. In ancient times the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam were founded. Admittedly, the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam hold coinciding components as well as differing sectors; including the afterlife, political views, and their gods. To a degree Judaism and Christianity are fairly similar, withal possessing variations. For instance, both theologies hold devotion and loyalty to a single deity. Judaism, and Christianity both are monotheistic religions dedicating their allegiance to God. Moreover, the texts of both religions are comparable. The most sacred Jewish reference is the Bible, comprising of the Jewish Bible and the New Testament. The Christian Bible is constructed from the Old and New Testament. Thus, the two contrasting religions exemplify the same text, The New Testament. Politically speaking, in both spiritualities the religion is separate from the state, or government. Whereas theses comparisons are stillShow MoreRelatedHow the Prophet Muhammad Spread Islam755 Words   |  3 Pages How the Prophet Muhammad Spread Islam Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet of Islam, he had made the biggest impact on the religion. Prophet Muhammad spread the Islamic religion throughout most of the world. He started spreading the religion after he had received the message from Gabriel, an angel sent from God to the Prophet. At the age of forty the message of Islam started to spread upon those who were yet to join Islam (Muhammed, the messenger of God). The prophet did not force othersRead MoreThe Islam : The Holy Of The Arab Prophet Muhammad1703 Words   |  7 PagesArabia, is the birthplace to the Arab prophet Muhammad. (b) The Kaaba is a sacred Muslim shrine. The prophet Abraham was thought to have built this shrine by himself. (c) Muhammad married a woman named Khadija; she was a wealthy widower who ran a prosperous caravan business. (d) The Quran is the sacred text of Islam and is considered the word of God. (e) The Sharia is the code of laws that are derived from the teachings of the Quran and the prophet Muhammad. These laws were the interpretation ofRead MoreEssay on The Five Pillars of Islam581 Words   |  3 PagesIslam is a religion of peace. There are 5 pillars of Islam which are mandatory. The five pillars are, Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj, I will define the five pillars now. 1. Shahadah: Beleiving that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad [peace be upon him] is his last messanger. 2. Salat: It is the prayers muslims offer five times a day, Fajr, zuhr, asr, maghrib and isha. 3. Zakat: It is to give 2.5% annually of one’s saving to the needy people. 4. Sawm: Fasting during the month of RamadanRead MoreIslam : The Greatest Role Model1243 Words   |  5 PagesIslam was a religion founded in the 7th century AD by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). He was an Arabian merchant who was born in the city of Mecca. Prophet Muhammad was repelled by the cruelty around him. In the year 610 at the age of 40, he escaped to a desert cave where he experienced mystical visions (Islam.uga.edu). Angel Gabriel came to him with messages from Allah. Muhammad returned from the desert with spiritual mission to transform the society around him (knightscrusaders.com). Christianity hadRead MoreIslam : A Religion Of Hatred And Crime1018 Words   |  5 PagesHistory 10 Period 6 24 November 2015 Islam Islam, meaning peace in Arabic, is one of the most misunderstood religions in the world. Many people view it as a religion of hatred and crime, while others view it as peace. Islam is the world’s second largest religion and the youngest. There are approximately 1.57 billion Muslims in the world today. The origin of Islam, Prophet Muhammad, and beliefs of Islam affect how Islam is being taught and viewed today. Islam originated 610 AD in Mecca, Saudi ArabiaRead MoreThe Contribution of Prophets in History858 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of a prophet is an old one. In the Greek religion there were prophets of Zeus, Apollo, and other gods. The Bible refers to prophets of Yahweh, Baal, and other regional deities. Christians refer to John the Baptist as a prophet of the Christian god, and Muslims refer to Muhammad as the Prophet, the last and greatest of the prophets of Allah. According to what the prophets did we can say that their main purpose was conveying religious guidance to people. But history has also shown thatRead MoreIs The Heart Of Islam?983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat, in your opinion, is the heart of Islam? The heart of Islam is The One True God. The concept of one God is the basis on which the entire religion of Islam revolves around. This concept is the foundation upon with the religion of Islam is built. In fact, the actual definition of Islam means submission; submission to their one true God. Islam followers are called Muslim and the definition of Muslim means one who surrenders or submits to the will of God. Based on these definitions alone, itRead MoreThe Birth Of Muhammad And Islam Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesJulianna Tafuri HIST 181-01 M+TH 2-3:15 Sean Walsh 3 November 2016 The Birth of Muhammad and Islam The Islamic religion is not only a religion, but a complex lifestyle full of dynamic truth which has a past that spans over fourteen centuries. It’s history encompasses the ancient spirits of people from North Africa as far as Malaysia. Islam is also one of the youngest major religions as the â€Å"Qur’an â€Å"came down† to Muhammad six centuries after Jesus, so that a large portion of the developed world whichRead MoreIslam, Religion Of Equality1026 Words   |  5 PagesHussain Professor Iris Belen English 101 03 May 2017 ISLAM, RELIGION OF EQUALITY. Islam, a derivative of Arabic word â€Å"Saleema† signifying peace and submission has, since ancient times, offered equality for all human being irrespective of race, gender, ethnicity or color. A series of Prophets were send after Adam with a message of love and equality for one another and believe in the unity of God. The last great messenger before Muhammad was Jesus. Mentioned twenty five times in the Quran, JesusRead MoreThe Life of Prophet Muhammad1107 Words   |  4 Pages In Islamic history, no single person has influenced the culture and life choices more than the prophet Muhammad. The early unity and creation of the Muslim faith is primarily an action of Muá ¸ ¥ammad ibn Ê ¿Abd AllÄ h ibn Ê ¿Abd al-Muá ¹ ­Ã¡ ¹ ­alib ibn HÄ shim. Muhammadis considered the prophet of the the Muslim faith and responsible for establishing the religion. The Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 CE. He is the child of Abdullah and his young wife Amina. He was born in the city of Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula

Contemporary Hospitality Management and Entrepreneurship

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Hospitality Management and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Competitors of Moxy Milan Malpensa Airport: Moxy Hotels (Marriott Group), are the trend hotels that provides cutting edge services and customer experience at a relatively cheaper rates. It provides perfect solution to the tourists or travellers who want to experience the luxury of five star hotels at a cheaper rate. Through, do it yourself (DIY) model, Moxy Hotels provides best solution to budget travellers, backpackers, business executives as well as teenagers (Aleshaiwy et al., 2015). Competitors of Moxy Milan airport hotel includes Crowne Plaza Milan It is one of the closest hotels form the Malpensa Airport, located just 2.0 kms from the Malpensa airport. The hotel provides high quality standards in contemporary design, ideal for both business and leisure travels. The upscale rooms with unpretentious decor provide a relaxing environment. The Wi-Fi is available in all the rooms, combined with multiple electric outputs, coffeemakers and mini bars. In addition, there is full service bar facility at the hotel as well as 24/7 dinning services. (Crowne Plaza Milan City, 2016). Novotel Milano Malpensa Airport The hotel is located at 10 minutes drive from the Malpensa Airport. The hotel superfast free Wi-Fi, paying shuttle services, as well as indoor and outdoor activity areas for children and adults. In addition, the hotel provides 24 hour dinning service facility to the guests. Novotel Milano has been positioning itself as preferred hotels for millennials. Moxy hotels since its inception are targeting millennials as their primary customers. The hotel is designed in such a manner to compete with trend and traditional economy hotels. By making the prices affordable, Novotel Milano hotel competes directly with the Moxy Hotels (Novotel Milano Malpensa Airport, 2016) Sheraton Milan Malpensa Airport The hotel is located at 3 km from the Malpensa airport. The hotel provides leisure and luxury type of experiences to their customers. Sheraton Milan Malpensa hotel has been targeting non-business and leisure group of customers as their primary customers. It is important to note that Moxy Milan has been targeting the same customer types. The hotel provides playful living rooms, free Wi-Fi, plenty of electric outputs for customers to connect their gadgets, and other recreational facilities (Wang Chung, 2015). There is full service bar and 24/7 open self-service cafeteria. The services provided in the hotel are top notch and customer friendly (Sheraton Milan Malpensa Airport Hotel and Conference Centre, 2016). References Aleshaiwy, Y. S. M., Chen-McCain, S. L., Hadgis, N. J., Lolli, J. C. (2015). Generation Y's Perception of Service Quality in the Hotel Industry. Crowne Plaza Milan City. (2016). IHG. Retrieved 27 August 2016, from https://www.ihg.com/crowneplaza/hotels/us/en/milan/milcc/hoteldetail Novotel Milano Malpensa Airport. (2016). novotel.com. Retrieved 27 August 2016, from https://www.novotel.com/gb/hotel-3458-novotel-milano-malpensa-airport/index.shtml Sheraton Milan Malpensa Airport Hotel Conference Centre. (2016). Sheraton Milan Malpensa Airport Hotel Conference Centre | Official Website | Best Rates, Guaranteed.. Retrieved 27 August 2016, from https://www.sheratonmilanmalpensa.com/ Wang, Y. C., Chung, Y. (2015). Hotel brand portfolio strategy.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(4), 561-584.